Subheading · Chapter 84 · Heading 8448
8448.31: Parts and accessories of machines of heading 8445: card clothing
Official description Card clothing
Subheading 8448.31 belongs to heading 8448 (auxiliary machinery for use with machines of heading 8444, 8445, 8446 or 8447) in chapter 84.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 8448 31 00 00 Card clothing Free+2
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 1
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 376
- Documents
- 9008
Import requirements 2
- Prohibition or restrictionImport prohibition
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Ukraine
- Legal act
- S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | Free |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code "EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Andorra agreement | Andorra | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Switzerland agreement | Switzerland | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Faroe Islands agreement | Faroe Islands | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| DCTS Standard | Indonesia | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Liechtenstein agreement | Liechtenstein | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–Norway agreement | Norway | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Tunisia agreement | Tunisia | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–XC agreement | XC | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–XL agreement | XL | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 Italy | £216k | 27.6% | +10.1% |
 Germany | £167k | 21.4% | -41% |
 Belgium | £161k | 20.6% | +4% |
 India | £144k | 18.4% | -51% |
 Netherlands | £87k | 11.2% | +0% |
 United States | £4k | 0.5% | -13.3% |
 South Korea | £2k | 0.2% | — |
 Austria | £0 | 0% | -100% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
EU 1.7% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Türkiye 40% Statutory rate (Law 474) 1 tariff line USA 3.3% General (MFN) 1 tariff line The Turkish schedule prints the statutory rate set under Customs Law 474. The rate applied at import is laid down in the Import Regime Decision and can be lower, or different by country of origin.
World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$29.4kUS$29.4k+US$465.7k+US$10.3m+> US$55.5m
Exports: 65
- Germany: US$61.6m
- Switzerland: US$55.5m
- China: US$29.4m
- Belgium: US$20m
- Netherlands: US$18.8m
- India: US$15.2m
- Czechia: US$10.3m
- Italy: US$7m
- Brazil: US$5.7m
- United States: US$3.9m
- Japan: US$3.3m
- Türkiye: US$2.8m
- South Korea: US$805.6k
- Taiwan: US$798.4k
- Morocco: US$789.9k
- France: US$465.7k
- United Kingdom: US$375.7k
- Argentina: US$336.2k
- Austria: US$281.1k
- Singapore: US$265.7k
- Spain: US$128.1k
- Costa Rica: US$113.1k
- Thailand: US$93.6k
- Pakistan: US$88k
- Poland: US$75.9k
- Lithuania: US$74k
- Portugal: US$70.1k
- Malaysia: US$45.2k
- Sweden: US$38.1k
- Philippines: US$32.1k
- Mexico: US$29.4k
- South Africa: US$25.5k
- Guatemala: US$24k
- Russia: US$20.5k
- Slovakia: US$20.3k
- Canada: US$18.3k
- Hungary: US$13.8k
- Bulgaria: US$10.7k
- Indonesia: US$8k
- Uzbekistan: US$6.4k
- Georgia: US$5.8k
- Vietnam: US$4.1k
- New Zealand: US$4k
- Slovenia: US$3.6k
- Egypt: US$2.8k
- Ireland: US$2.2k
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$2.1k
- United Arab Emirates: US$2k
- North Macedonia: US$1.4k
- Australia: US$1.3k
- Finland: US$1.3k
- Eswatini: US$1.3k
- Curaçao: US$1k
- Greece: US$1k
- Bahrain: US$700
- Ukraine: US$700
- Denmark: US$400
- Romania: US$400
- Nigeria: US$200
- Bangladesh: US$100
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$140.5kUS$140.5k+US$765.2k+US$5.2m+> US$18.8m
Imports: 128
- Türkiye: US$23.3m
- China: US$23.2m
- Pakistan: US$20m
- Germany: US$18.8m
- Bangladesh: US$17.7m
- Vietnam: US$15.3m
- India: US$15.2m
- United States: US$12.8m
- Switzerland: US$10.6m
- Czechia: US$9.2m
- Uzbekistan: US$8.6m
- Indonesia: US$7.7m
- Brazil: US$5.2m
- Mexico: US$4.2m
- Argentina: US$2.9m
- South Korea: US$2.9m
- Taiwan: US$2.6m
- Turkmenistan: US$2.6m
- France: US$2.6m
- Iran: US$2.5m
- Egypt: US$2.5m
- Italy: US$2.1m
- Netherlands: US$1.9m
- Thailand: US$1.7m
- Costa Rica: US$1.5m
- United Kingdom: US$1.5m
- Peru: US$1.4m
- Spain: US$1.2m
- Poland: US$986.3k
- United Arab Emirates: US$864.7k
- Belgium: US$860.5k
- Guatemala: US$765.2k
- Japan: US$742k
- Russia: US$724.4k
- Portugal: US$620.3k
- Israel: US$592.9k
- Malaysia: US$586.4k
- Slovenia: US$583.7k
- Bahrain: US$538.8k
- Lithuania: US$525.7k
- New Zealand: US$481.1k
- South Africa: US$380.2k
- Canada: US$357.4k
- Finland: US$327.5k
- Ukraine: US$327.5k
- Greece: US$321.6k
- Honduras: US$312.3k
- El Salvador: US$300.9k
- Singapore: US$249.8k
- Moldova: US$239k
- Morocco: US$235.7k
- Nepal: US$234.2k
- Saudi Arabia: US$208.9k
- Belarus: US$196.1k
- Lesotho: US$190k
- Nicaragua: US$187.8k
- Colombia: US$186.4k
- Austria: US$184.6k
- Croatia: US$179.5k
- Algeria: US$172.8k
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | US$61.6m | 25.8% |
| 2 |  Switzerland | US$55.5m | 23.3% |
| 3 |  China | US$29.4m | 12.3% |
| 4 | Belgium | US$20m | 8.4% |
| 5 | Netherlands | US$18.8m | 7.9% |
| 6 | India | US$15.2m | 6.4% |
| 7 |  Czechia | US$10.3m | 4.3% |
| 8 | Italy | US$7m | 3% |
| 9 |  Brazil | US$5.7m | 2.4% |
| 10 | United States | US$3.9m | 1.6% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Türkiye | US$23.3m | 9.8% |
| 2 | China | US$23.2m | 9.7% |
| 3 |  Pakistan | US$20m | 8.4% |
| 4 | Germany | US$18.8m | 7.9% |
| 5 |  Bangladesh | US$17.7m | 7.4% |
| 6 |  Vietnam | US$15.3m | 6.4% |
| 7 | India | US$15.2m | 6.4% |
| 8 | United States | US$12.8m | 5.4% |
| 9 | Switzerland | US$10.6m | 4.4% |
| 10 | Czechia | US$9.2m | 3.9% |
The UK Global Tariff has one tariff line for subheading 8448.31; the duty is duty-free.
Subheading 8448.31 is a single line in the EU Combined Nomenclature, where the duty is 1.7%.
175 countries pay no duty in the UK thanks to trade agreements and preference schemes such as DCTS Comprehensive and European Union, against a standard rate of Free.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
Imports of these goods into the UK came to £780.8k between September 2025 and August 2026 (down 25% on the year before); Italy supplied 28%, followed by Germany.
In 2024, countries exported these goods worth US$238.6m (−12% year on year).
The largest exporter was Germany (US$61.6m), followed by Switzerland.
Products classified here
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for parts and accessories of machines of heading 8445: card clothing?
Parts and accessories of machines of heading 8445: card clothing fall under HS subheading 8448.31, part of heading 8448, in section XVI of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on parts and accessories of machines of heading 8445 in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 8448.31 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on parts and accessories of machines of heading 8445 in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 8448.31 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 1.7%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most parts and accessories of machines of heading 8445?
Germany, with US$61.6m in 2024 (25.8% of world exports).
Which countries can export these goods to the UK duty-free?
175 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of Free applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Is there anti-dumping duty on these goods?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import these goods from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were Italy (28%), Germany (21%) and Belgium (21%), out of total imports of £780.8k.