Chapter · Section IV
Chapter 19: Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk; pastrycooks' products
- 6%–12%UK
- 8.5%–12.8%EU
- 50%–100%Türkiye
- 0%–17.5%USA
- US$110.2bnWorld trade in 2024
Chapter 19 of the Harmonized System has 5 headings and belongs to section IV (prepared foodstuffs; beverages, spirits and vinegar; tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes; products, whether or not containing nicotine, intended for inhalation without combustion; other nicotine containing products intended for the intake of nicotine into the human body).
The UK Global Tariff divides chapter 19 into 69 tariff lines; the duty is between 6% and 12% (average 7.7%). 39 lines have a specific or compound duty.
In the EU Combined Nomenclature, chapter 19 covers 52 tariff lines and the duty is between 8.5% and 12.8%. 50 lines have a specific or compound duty.
The Turkish Customs Tariff Schedule divides chapter 19 into 85 tariff lines; the statutory rate is between 50% and 100% (average 68.1%).
In 2024, countries exported chapter 19 goods worth US$110.2bn (+2.7% year on year).
The largest exporter was Germany (US$10.2bn), followed by Italy.
The biggest buyer was the United States, with imports of US$15.9bn.
Duty rates compared
The Turkish schedule prints the statutory rate set under Customs Law 474. The rate applied at import is laid down in the Import Regime Decision and can be lower, or different by country of origin.
Headings 5
- 1901Malt extract; food preparations of flour, groats, meal, starch or malt extract, not containing cocoa or containing less than 40 % by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included; food preparations of goods of headings 0401 to 0404, not containing cocoa or containing less than 5 % by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included
- 1902Pasta, whether or not cooked or stuffed (with meat or other substances) or otherwise prepared, such as spaghetti, macaroni, noodles, lasagne, gnocchi, ravioli, cannelloni; couscous, whether or not prepared
- 1903Tapioca and substitutes therefor prepared from starch, in the form of flakes, grains, pearls, siftings or similar forms
- 1904Prepared foods obtained by the swelling or roasting of cereals or cereal products (for example, corn flakes); cereals (other than maize (corn)) in grain form or in the form of flakes or other worked grains (except flour, groats and meal), pre-cooked or otherwise prepared, not elsewhere specified or included
- 1905Bread, pastry, cakes, biscuits and other bakers' wares, whether or not containing cocoa; communion wafers, empty cachets of a kind suitable for pharmaceutical use, sealing wafers, rice paper and similar products
World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$16.6mUS$16.6m+US$261.1m+US$1.4bn+> US$5.3bn
Exports: 213
- Germany: US$10.2bn
- Italy: US$9.6bn
- Canada: US$7bn
- France: US$6.9bn
- Netherlands: US$6.3bn
- Poland: US$5.3bn
- United States: US$5.3bn
- Belgium: US$5bn
- Mexico: US$3.7bn
- Spain: US$3.5bn
- China: US$3.2bn
- Türkiye: US$2.8bn
- Ireland: US$2.8bn
- United Kingdom: US$2.8bn
- South Korea: US$2.4bn
- Thailand: US$2.2bn
- Malaysia: US$2bn
- Indonesia: US$1.8bn
- Austria: US$1.8bn
- New Zealand: US$1.7bn
- Denmark: US$1.4bn
- Czechia: US$1.4bn
- India: US$1.1bn
- Singapore: US$994.2m
- Vietnam: US$938m
- Saudi Arabia: US$905.8m
- Switzerland: US$860.4m
- Sweden: US$826.5m
- Japan: US$800.4m
- Australia: US$704m
- Greece: US$658.6m
- Russia: US$649.8m
- Portugal: US$608.7m
- Hungary: US$517.3m
- United Arab Emirates: US$501.4m
- Taiwan: US$486.5m
- Lithuania: US$485.6m
- Bulgaria: US$484.5m
- Brazil: US$482.1m
- Romania: US$471.4m
- Slovakia: US$428.6m
- Egypt: US$424.6m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$421.5m
- Ukraine: US$382.2m
- Guatemala: US$381.9m
- South Africa: US$367m
- Serbia: US$359.2m
- Croatia: US$316.7m
- Peru: US$288.2m
- Philippines: US$280.1m
- Argentina: US$268.5m
- Latvia: US$261.1m
- El Salvador: US$229.5m
- Costa Rica: US$222.8m
- Colombia: US$214.1m
- Bahrain: US$191.6m
- Chile: US$187.3m
- Israel: US$170.4m
- Estonia: US$168m
- Pakistan: US$160.3m
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$93.1mUS$93.1m+US$308.2m+US$1.1bn+> US$4.2bn
Imports: 225
- United States: US$15.9bn
- Germany: US$7.2bn
- United Kingdom: US$7.1bn
- France: US$5.5bn
- China: US$5.4bn
- Canada: US$4.4bn
- Netherlands: US$4.2bn
- Belgium: US$3.1bn
- Italy: US$2.4bn
- Spain: US$2.2bn
- Poland: US$2bn
- Australia: US$1.9bn
- Saudi Arabia: US$1.9bn
- Austria: US$1.8bn
- Japan: US$1.5bn
- Ireland: US$1.3bn
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$1.3bn
- Sweden: US$1.2bn
- Switzerland: US$1.2bn
- Czechia: US$1.2bn
- United Arab Emirates: US$1.2bn
- Mexico: US$1.1bn
- Romania: US$1.1bn
- Portugal: US$1.1bn
- South Korea: US$1.1bn
- Malaysia: US$1.1bn
- Iraq: US$1.1bn
- Denmark: US$1bn
- Philippines: US$860.2m
- Vietnam: US$855m
- Hungary: US$818.5m
- Thailand: US$749.5m
- Norway: US$739.4m
- Russia: US$688.9m
- Slovakia: US$679.5m
- Singapore: US$670.5m
- Finland: US$660m
- Croatia: US$604.5m
- Greece: US$575.7m
- Israel: US$563.8m
- Taiwan: US$552.8m
- Kazakhstan: US$515.7m
- Indonesia: US$474.8m
- New Zealand: US$460.5m
- Guatemala: US$430.1m
- Kuwait: US$427m
- Bulgaria: US$421.6m
- Senegal: US$407.3m
- Nigeria: US$392.2m
- Libya: US$383.4m
- Chile: US$378.9m
- Serbia: US$364m
- Dominican Republic: US$356.5m
- Türkiye: US$355m
- Slovenia: US$351.8m
- Yemen: US$324m
- Lithuania: US$308.2m
- South Africa: US$305.7m
- Cambodia: US$304.7m
- Brazil: US$290.3m
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | US$10.2bn | 9.3% | |
| 2 | US$9.6bn | 8.7% | |
| 3 | US$7bn | 6.4% | |
| 4 | US$6.9bn | 6.3% | |
| 5 | US$6.3bn | 5.7% | |
| 6 | US$5.3bn | 4.8% | |
| 7 | US$5.3bn | 4.8% | |
| 8 | US$5bn | 4.5% | |
| 9 | US$3.7bn | 3.3% | |
| 10 | US$3.5bn | 3.2% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | US$15.9bn | 14.5% | |
| 2 | US$7.2bn | 6.5% | |
| 3 | US$7.1bn | 6.5% | |
| 4 | US$5.5bn | 5% | |
| 5 | US$5.4bn | 4.9% | |
| 6 | US$4.4bn | 4% | |
| 7 | US$4.2bn | 3.8% | |
| 8 | US$3.1bn | 2.8% | |
| 9 | US$2.4bn | 2.1% | |
| 10 | US$2.2bn | 2% |
Chapter notes
Notes
1. This chapter does not cover:
(a) except in the case of stuffed products of heading 1902, food preparations containing more than 20 % by weight of sausage, meat, meat offal, blood, insects, fish or crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates, or any combination thereof (Chapter 16);
(b) biscuits or other articles made from flour or from starch, specially prepared for use in animal feeding (heading 2309); or
(c) medicaments or other products of Chapter 30.
2. For the purposes of heading 1901:
(a) the term ‘groats’ means cereal groats of Chapter 11;
(b) the terms ‘flour’ and ‘meal’ mean:
3. Heading 1904 does not cover preparations containing more than 6 % by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis or completely coated with chocolate or other food preparations containing cocoa of heading 1806 (heading 1806).
4. For the purposes of heading 1904, the expression ‘otherwise prepared’ means prepared or processed to an extent beyond that provided for in the headings of or notes to Chapter 10 or 11.
Additional notes
1. Goods of subheadings 190531, 190532, 190540 and 190590, presented in the form of an assortment, are subject to an agricultural component (EA) fixed according to the average content in milkfats, milk proteins, sucrose, isoglucose, glucose and starch of the assortment as a whole.
2. The expression ‘sweet biscuits’ in subheading 190531 applies only to products having a water content of not more than 12 % by weight and a fat content of not more than 35 % by weight (fillings and coatings are not to be taken into consideration in determining these contents).
3. Subheading 19059020 covers only dry and brittle products.
4. Food preparations of flour, groats, meal, starch or malt extract of heading 1901 as well as those of goods of headings 0401 to 0404 presented in measured doses, such as capsules, tablets, pastilles and pills intended for use as food supplements, are excluded from classification under heading 1901. The essential character of a food supplement is not only given by its ingredients, but also by its specific form of presentation revealing its function as a food supplement, since it determines the dosage, the way in which it is absorbed and the place where it is supposed to become active. Such food preparations are to be classified under heading 2106 insofar as they are not specified or included elsewhere.
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk; pastrycooks' products?
Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk; pastrycooks' products make up HS chapter 19, in section IV of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 19 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 6% to 12%, depending on the line. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 19 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 8.5% to 12.8%, depending on the line. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk?
Germany, with US$10.2bn in 2024 (9.3% of world exports).