Chapter · Section VI

Chapter 35: Albuminoidal substances; modified starches; glues; enzymes

35
  • 0%–8%UK
  • 0%–9%EU
  • 15%–50%Türkiye
  • 0%–6.5%USA
  • US$41.1bnWorld trade in 2024

Chapter 35 of the Harmonized System has 7 headings and belongs to section VI (products of the chemical or allied industries).

The UK Global Tariff divides chapter 35 into 41 tariff lines; the duty is between 0% and 8% (average 2.4%). 21 of them are duty-free. 7 lines have a specific or compound duty.

In the EU Combined Nomenclature, chapter 35 covers 33 tariff lines and the duty is between 0% and 9%. 7 of them are duty-free. 10 lines have a specific or compound duty.

The Turkish Customs Tariff Schedule divides chapter 35 into 54 tariff lines; the statutory rate is between 15% and 50% (average 30.6%).

In 2024, countries exported chapter 35 goods worth US$41.1bn (+0.2% year on year).

The largest exporter was Germany (US$4.9bn), followed by the United States.

The biggest buyer was the United States, with imports of US$3.8bn.

Duty rates compared

UK Free – 8% Third-country duty 41 tariff lines · average 2.4% · 7× specific or compound duty EU Free – 9% Third-country duty 33 tariff lines · average 4.5% · 10× specific or compound duty Türkiye 15% – 50% Statutory rate (Law 474) 54 tariff lines · average 30.6% USA Free – 6.5% General (MFN) 24 tariff lines · average 2% · 10× specific or compound duty

The Turkish schedule prints the statutory rate set under Customs Law 474. The rate applied at import is laid down in the Import Regime Decision and can be lower, or different by country of origin.

Headings 7

World trade in 2024

35 · US$41.1bn

Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$959.7kUS$959.7k+US$45.2m+US$540.1m+> US$2.3bn

Exports: 199
  1. Germany: US$4.9bn
  2. United States: US$4.9bn
  3. China: US$4.9bn
  4. Netherlands: US$2.9bn
  5. Denmark: US$2.8bn
  6. France: US$2.3bn
  7. New Zealand: US$1.3bn
  8. Japan: US$1.2bn
  9. Belgium: US$1.2bn
  10. Italy: US$1.1bn
  11. Thailand: US$1.1bn
  12. South Korea: US$963.7m
  13. United Kingdom: US$859.8m
  14. Ireland: US$851.8m
  15. Poland: US$781.9m
  16. Brazil: US$754.4m
  17. Taiwan: US$599.8m
  18. Finland: US$571.5m
  19. Türkiye: US$540.1m
  20. Spain: US$535.8m
  21. Switzerland: US$522.5m
  22. Austria: US$469.8m
  23. India: US$402.7m
  24. Canada: US$371.5m
  25. Sweden: US$365m
  26. Lithuania: US$348.7m
  27. Vietnam: US$330.1m
  28. Australia: US$319.8m
  29. Singapore: US$304.3m
  30. Mexico: US$295.8m
  31. Malaysia: US$199.8m
  32. Argentina: US$174.4m
  33. Portugal: US$141.6m
  34. Hungary: US$136.6m
  35. Bulgaria: US$120.3m
  36. Slovakia: US$107m
  37. South Africa: US$100.7m
  38. Czechia: US$100.5m
  39. Saudi Arabia: US$80m
  40. Indonesia: US$76.7m
  41. Colombia: US$75.3m
  42. Ukraine: US$67.6m
  43. Egypt: US$65m
  44. Israel: US$58.8m
  45. Slovenia: US$53.8m
  46. United Arab Emirates: US$50.5m
  47. Hong Kong SAR China: US$45.2m
  48. Norway: US$44.3m
  49. Romania: US$40m
  50. Chile: US$36.9m
  51. Greece: US$34.6m
  52. Russia: US$32.7m
  53. Pakistan: US$30.4m
  54. Paraguay: US$29.6m
  55. Ecuador: US$26.2m
  56. Estonia: US$25m
  57. Serbia: US$24.5m
  58. Latvia: US$22.1m
  59. Kazakhstan: US$21.9m
  60. Costa Rica: US$20.4m

Top exporters

RankCountryValueShare
1 Germany US$4.9bn 12%
2 United States US$4.9bn 11.9%
3 China US$4.9bn 11.8%
4 Netherlands US$2.9bn 7.1%
5 Denmark US$2.8bn 6.8%
6 France US$2.3bn 5.6%
7 New Zealand US$1.3bn 3.2%
8 Japan US$1.2bn 3%
9 Belgium US$1.2bn 2.9%
10 Italy US$1.1bn 2.8%

Top importers

RankCountryValueShare
1 United States US$3.8bn 9.3%
2 China US$3.4bn 8.2%
3 Germany US$2.9bn 7.1%
4 Netherlands US$2.1bn 5.1%
5 Japan US$1.4bn 3.5%
6 France US$1.3bn 3.3%
7 Mexico US$1.3bn 3.2%
8 Canada US$1.3bn 3.1%
9 Poland US$1.2bn 3%
10 Vietnam US$1.2bn 3%

Chapter notes

Notes

1. This chapter does not cover:

  1. (a) yeasts (heading 2102);

  2. (b) blood fractions (other than blood albumin not prepared for therapeutic or prophylactic uses), medicaments or other products of Chapter 30;

  3. (c) enzymatic preparations for pre-tanning (heading 3202);

  4. (d) enzymatic soaking or washing preparations and other products of Chapter 34;

  5. (e) hardened proteins (heading 3913); or

  6. (f) gelatin products of the printing industry (Chapter 49).

2. For the purposes of heading 3505, the term ‘dextrins’ means starch degradation products with a reducing sugar content, expressed as dextrose on the dry substance, not exceeding 10 %.

Such products with a reducing sugar content exceeding 10 % fall in heading 1702.

Additional note

1. Subheading 35040010 covers concentrated milk proteins with a protein content of more than 85 % by weight, calculated on the dry matter.

Questions and answers

What is the HS code for albuminoidal substances; modified starches; glues; enzymes?

Albuminoidal substances; modified starches; glues; enzymes make up HS chapter 35, in section VI of the Harmonized System.

What is the import duty on albuminoidal substances in the UK?

Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 35 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 0% to 8%, depending on the line. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.

What is the import duty on albuminoidal substances in the EU?

Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 35 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 0% to 9%, depending on the line. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.

Which country exports the most albuminoidal substances?

Germany, with US$4.9bn in 2024 (12% of world exports).