Subheading · Chapter 84 · Heading 8412
8412.31: Pneumatic power engines and motors: linear acting (cylinders)
Pneumatic cylinders
Official description Linear acting (cylinders)
8412.31 is the HS subheading for pneumatic cylinders, under heading 8412 in chapter 84.
What you pay
Importing into UK from Barbados
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 8412 31 00 00 Linear acting (cylinders)
- 8412 31 00 10 For use in civil aircraft Free
- 8412 31 00 90 Other Free
4%
Additional duties and import rulesBarbados
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 3
- Duty suspensionNon preferential duty under end-use Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- S.I. 2020/1430
- Documents
- N990 EUS - Authorisation for the use of end use procedure (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)
- Tariff lines
- on 1 of 2 lines
- Duty suspensionAirworthiness tariff suspension Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- S.I. 2018/1249
- Documents
- C119 Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1 (Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012), or equivalent certificate
- Duty suspensionSuspension - goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- 2020 No. 1431
- Documents
- C990 End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)
- Tariff lines
- on 1 of 2 lines
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 Germany | £11.7m | 23% | -7.6% |
 United States | £11.4m | 22.5% | +38.5% |
 Switzerland | £4.9m | 9.7% | +12% |
 Czechia | £3.6m | 7.1% | -5.7% |
 Italy | £3.6m | 7% | -8.5% |
 Türkiye | £2.6m | 5.1% | +66.5% |
 France | £2.5m | 5% | +5.9% |
 China | £2.4m | 4.7% | +41.5% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
EUWorld trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$34.7kUS$34.7k+US$2.1m+US$30.2m+> US$168.3m
Exports: 145
- Germany: US$603.8m
- China: US$342.2m
- United States: US$223.2m
- Mexico: US$176.3m
- Japan: US$168.3m
- Italy: US$135.7m
- Hungary: US$113.5m
- India: US$54.9m
- France: US$54m
- Czechia: US$51.7m
- Türkiye: US$46.3m
- Taiwan: US$45.4m
- Poland: US$42m
- Netherlands: US$37.6m
- Canada: US$30.2m
- United Kingdom: US$29.5m
- Switzerland: US$28.1m
- Austria: US$26.5m
- Sweden: US$25.3m
- Belgium: US$19.1m
- Spain: US$17.5m
- South Korea: US$14.6m
- Singapore: US$13.3m
- Finland: US$10.7m
- Brazil: US$8.6m
- Morocco: US$6.6m
- Denmark: US$6.6m
- Vietnam: US$6.4m
- Romania: US$4.2m
- Malaysia: US$3.6m
- Tunisia: US$3.3m
- Norway: US$3.2m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$3m
- South Africa: US$2.9m
- Thailand: US$2.5m
- Australia: US$2.1m
- Slovakia: US$2m
- Kazakhstan: US$2m
- United Arab Emirates: US$1.9m
- Slovenia: US$1.6m
- Latvia: US$1.6m
- Russia: US$1.5m
- Israel: US$1.2m
- Ukraine: US$1.1m
- Bulgaria: US$1.1m
- Ireland: US$924.6k
- Portugal: US$664.6k
- Luxembourg: US$663.7k
- Argentina: US$598.2k
- New Zealand: US$542.3k
- Lithuania: US$485.4k
- Croatia: US$459.6k
- Serbia: US$399k
- Philippines: US$363.8k
- North Macedonia: US$329.2k
- Greece: US$283.4k
- Chile: US$234.4k
- Saudi Arabia: US$233.5k
- Estonia: US$213.1k
- Armenia: US$163.3k
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$633.8kUS$633.8k+US$4.8m+US$37.9m+> US$84.4m
Imports: 204
- United States: US$362.5m
- Germany: US$244.2m
- China: US$154.2m
- Mexico: US$92.9m
- Canada: US$91.7m
- France: US$87.4m
- Japan: US$84.4m
- Italy: US$82.1m
- Netherlands: US$74.3m
- South Korea: US$67.2m
- United Kingdom: US$57.6m
- Spain: US$52.8m
- Poland: US$52.4m
- Türkiye: US$46.4m
- Brazil: US$41.8m
- Austria: US$41m
- Czechia: US$40.4m
- Malaysia: US$40.2m
- India: US$40.2m
- Belgium: US$39.9m
- Taiwan: US$37.9m
- Sweden: US$35.1m
- Singapore: US$32m
- Switzerland: US$28.1m
- United Arab Emirates: US$26.1m
- Vietnam: US$25m
- Thailand: US$24m
- Denmark: US$23.7m
- Australia: US$23.1m
- Hungary: US$20.5m
- Russia: US$18.1m
- Indonesia: US$18m
- Romania: US$16m
- Saudi Arabia: US$15.5m
- Slovakia: US$15m
- Finland: US$14.8m
- Norway: US$12.7m
- Portugal: US$10.7m
- South Africa: US$9.8m
- Chile: US$9m
- Peru: US$8.6m
- Israel: US$8.1m
- Argentina: US$8.1m
- Kazakhstan: US$7.4m
- Ireland: US$6.6m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$5.9m
- Ukraine: US$5.7m
- New Zealand: US$5.7m
- Slovenia: US$5.5m
- Colombia: US$5.2m
- Morocco: US$4.8m
- Bulgaria: US$4.8m
- Serbia: US$4.6m
- Philippines: US$4.5m
- Croatia: US$3.8m
- Angola: US$3.6m
- Egypt: US$3.5m
- Algeria: US$3.4m
- Iran: US$3m
- Qatar: US$3m
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | US$603.8m | 25.3% |
| 2 | China | US$342.2m | 14.3% |
| 3 | United States | US$223.2m | 9.4% |
| 4 |  Mexico | US$176.3m | 7.4% |
| 5 |  Japan | US$168.3m | 7.1% |
| 6 | Italy | US$135.7m | 5.7% |
| 7 |  Hungary | US$113.5m | 4.8% |
| 8 |  India | US$54.9m | 2.3% |
| 9 | France | US$54m | 2.3% |
| 10 | Czechia | US$51.7m | 2.2% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | US$362.5m | 15.2% |
| 2 | Germany | US$244.2m | 10.2% |
| 3 | China | US$154.2m | 6.5% |
| 4 | Mexico | US$92.9m | 3.9% |
| 5 |  Canada | US$91.7m | 3.8% |
| 6 | France | US$87.4m | 3.7% |
| 7 | Japan | US$84.4m | 3.5% |
| 8 | Italy | US$82.1m | 3.4% |
| 9 |  Netherlands | US$74.3m | 3.1% |
| 10 |  South Korea | US$67.2m | 2.8% |
Binding rulings for similar goods 3
Decisions of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CROSS) and HMRC (Advance Tariff Rulings) on goods classified here. A ruling binds only its holder, but shows how the authorities classify similar goods. The descriptions are the authorities’ own, in English.
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
- Tariff change
UK Trade Tariff: measure changes on 103 commodity codes
Trade Tariff changes 2026-09-21 · Source: trade-tariff.service.gov.uk
- Tariff change
Update to VATZ Coverage – 8 September 2026
Trade Tariff news 8315 · Source: trade-tariff.service.gov.uk
- Import and export controls
FR Doc. 2026-14542 · 91 FR 45516 · Source: federalregister.gov
- Tariff change
FR Doc. 2026-11158 · 91 FR 33854 · Source: federalregister.gov
In the UK Global Tariff, subheading 8412.31 covers 2 tariff lines and the duty is 4%.
The EU Combined Nomenclature has one tariff line for subheading 8412.31; the duty is 4.2%.
Goods from 174 countries can enter the UK at a preferential rate instead of the standard 4%; 174 of them pay no duty at all, for example under DCTS Comprehensive or European Union.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
In the 12 months to August 2026, the UK imported pneumatic cylinders worth £50.9m (up 11% on the year before), at an average of £29.10 per kg; Germany supplied 23%, followed by United States.
World trade in pneumatic cylinders reached US$2.4bn in 2024, down 1.3% on 2023.
Germany was the largest exporter with 25.3% of the total, ahead of China.
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for pneumatic power engines and motors: linear acting (cylinders)?
Pneumatic power engines and motors: linear acting (cylinders) fall under HS subheading 8412.31, part of heading 8412, in section XVI of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on pneumatic power engines and motors in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 8412.31 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 4%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on pneumatic power engines and motors in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 8412.31 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 4.2%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most pneumatic power engines and motors?
Germany, with US$603.8m in 2024 (25.3% of world exports).
Which countries can export pneumatic cylinders to the UK duty-free?
174 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of 4% applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Is there anti-dumping duty on pneumatic cylinders?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import pneumatic cylinders from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were Germany (23%), United States (23%) and Switzerland (10%), out of total imports of £50.9m.