Heading · Section XVI
8456: Machine tools for working any material by removal of material, by laser or other light or photon beam, ultrasonic, electrodischarge, electrochemical, electron beam, ionic-beam or plasma arc processes; water-jet cutting machines
- 0%–4%UK
- 0%–4.5%EU
- 40%–50%Türkiye
- 0%–3.5%USA
- US$7.4bnWorld trade in 2024
7 subheadings make up heading 8456 in chapter 84 (nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof).
In the UK Global Tariff, heading 8456 covers 11 tariff lines and the duty is between 0% and 4%. 3 of them are duty-free.
The EU Combined Nomenclature divides heading 8456 into 11 tariff lines; the duty is between 0% and 4.5% (average 2.9%). 2 of them are duty-free.
In the Turkish Customs Tariff Schedule, heading 8456 covers 12 tariff lines and the statutory rate is between 40% and 50%.
The Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States divides heading 8456 into 15 tariff lines; the duty is between 0% and 3.5% (average 2.5%). 2 of them are duty-free.
World trade in heading 8456 goods reached US$7.4bn in 2024, down 13.3% on 2023.
China was the largest exporter with 27.9% of the total, ahead of Germany.
The United States imported the most (US$1bn).
The United Kingdom ranked 16th among 137 exporters with US$87.3m.
The United Kingdom imported US$156.4m.
Duty rates compared
The Turkish schedule prints the statutory rate set under Customs Law 474. The rate applied at import is laid down in the Import Regime Decision and can be lower, or different by country of origin.
Subheadings 7
- 8456.11Operated by laser or other light or photon beam processes: operated by laser
- 8456.12Operated by other light or photon beam processes
- 8456.20Operated by ultrasonic processes
- 8456.30Operated by electrodischarge processes
- 8456.40Operated by plasma arc processes
- 8456.50Machine tools for working any material by removal of: water-jet cutting machines
- 8456.90Machine tools for working any material by removal of: other
World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$248.8kUS$248.8k+US$6.8m+US$106.3m+> US$459.8m
Exports: 137
- China: US$2.1bn
- Germany: US$1.1bn
- Japan: US$894.4m
- Switzerland: US$541.1m
- Italy: US$459.8m
- United States: US$367m
- South Korea: US$329.9m
- Taiwan: US$145.8m
- Singapore: US$139m
- Netherlands: US$129.8m
- Spain: US$119.1m
- Thailand: US$116.3m
- France: US$107.2m
- Canada: US$106.3m
- Türkiye: US$93.4m
- United Kingdom: US$87.3m
- Austria: US$79m
- Belgium: US$68.7m
- Poland: US$59.2m
- Slovakia: US$54.1m
- Israel: US$33.6m
- Czechia: US$25.1m
- Finland: US$24.8m
- Mexico: US$24.3m
- Malaysia: US$22.7m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$21.8m
- New Zealand: US$20.5m
- Slovenia: US$20.2m
- Sweden: US$19.3m
- India: US$18.5m
- Denmark: US$14.9m
- Luxembourg: US$14.7m
- Hungary: US$12.6m
- Greece: US$6.8m
- Portugal: US$6.8m
- Vietnam: US$6.5m
- Lithuania: US$6.4m
- Australia: US$6.4m
- Iceland: US$5.4m
- Romania: US$5.3m
- Bulgaria: US$4.8m
- Serbia: US$3.4m
- South Africa: US$3.3m
- Brazil: US$2.4m
- Russia: US$2.3m
- Croatia: US$2.2m
- Ireland: US$2.2m
- Philippines: US$1.8m
- Armenia: US$1.5m
- Bosnia & Herzegovina: US$1.4m
- Chile: US$1.3m
- Norway: US$1.2m
- United Arab Emirates: US$974.8k
- Kazakhstan: US$965.6k
- Estonia: US$903.2k
- Argentina: US$770.5k
- Latvia: US$745.3k
- Saudi Arabia: US$657.3k
- Indonesia: US$646k
- Senegal: US$616.6k
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$1.4mUS$1.4m+US$17.5m+US$103m+> US$225.2m
Imports: 209
- United States: US$1bn
- China: US$657.2m
- Germany: US$435m
- Vietnam: US$311.5m
- Mexico: US$301.8m
- South Korea: US$276m
- India: US$225.2m
- Taiwan: US$220.3m
- Canada: US$217.6m
- France: US$206.9m
- Brazil: US$202.1m
- Türkiye: US$192.5m
- Poland: US$180.4m
- Italy: US$175.7m
- Netherlands: US$171.3m
- United Kingdom: US$156.4m
- Japan: US$146.9m
- Spain: US$134.1m
- Malaysia: US$131.5m
- Thailand: US$126m
- Switzerland: US$103m
- Australia: US$100.6m
- Czechia: US$99.8m
- Russia: US$85.4m
- Belgium: US$83.5m
- Austria: US$82.4m
- United Arab Emirates: US$71.4m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$68.5m
- Saudi Arabia: US$60.1m
- Indonesia: US$59.8m
- Hungary: US$51.9m
- Romania: US$48m
- Sweden: US$46.5m
- Singapore: US$46.4m
- Slovakia: US$45.8m
- Portugal: US$34.8m
- Denmark: US$34.5m
- South Africa: US$34.4m
- Finland: US$33.5m
- Israel: US$32m
- Philippines: US$30.3m
- Ireland: US$28.9m
- Kazakhstan: US$28.4m
- Bulgaria: US$27.7m
- Ukraine: US$27.2m
- Norway: US$26.9m
- Egypt: US$25.7m
- Argentina: US$25m
- Slovenia: US$24.8m
- Serbia: US$24.6m
- Croatia: US$21.8m
- Bangladesh: US$18.9m
- Colombia: US$17.5m
- Estonia: US$17.3m
- Uzbekistan: US$16.9m
- Morocco: US$16.8m
- Greece: US$16.2m
- Chile: US$16.1m
- Lithuania: US$14.7m
- Pakistan: US$14.3m
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | US$2.1bn | 27.9% | |
| 2 | US$1.1bn | 14.6% | |
| 3 | US$894.4m | 12.1% | |
| 4 | US$541.1m | 7.3% | |
| 5 | US$459.8m | 6.2% | |
| 6 | US$367m | 5% | |
| 7 | US$329.9m | 4.5% | |
| 8 | US$145.8m | 2% | |
| 9 | US$139m | 1.9% | |
| 10 | US$129.8m | 1.8% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | US$1bn | 13.6% | |
| 2 | US$657.2m | 8.9% | |
| 3 | US$435m | 5.9% | |
| 4 | US$311.5m | 4.2% | |
| 5 | US$301.8m | 4.1% | |
| 6 | US$276m | 3.7% | |
| 7 | US$225.2m | 3% | |
| 8 | US$220.3m | 3% | |
| 9 | US$217.6m | 2.9% | |
| 10 | US$206.9m | 2.8% |
Legal notes
Notes
1. This chapter does not cover:
(a) millstones, grindstones or other articles of Chapter 68;
(b) machinery or appliances (for example, pumps) of ceramic material and ceramic parts of machinery or appliances of any material (Chapter 69);
(c) laboratory glassware (heading 7017); machinery, appliances or other articles for technical uses or parts thereof, of glass (heading 7019 or 7020);
(d) articles of heading 7321 or 7322 or similar articles of other base metals (Chapters 74 to 76 or 78 to 81);
(e) vacuum cleaners of heading 8508;
(f) electromechanical domestic appliances of heading 8509; digital cameras of heading 8525;
(g) radiators for the articles of Section XVII; or
(h) hand-operated mechanical floor sweepers, not motorised (heading 9603).
2. Subject to the operation of note 3 to Section XVI and subject to note 11 to this chapter, a machine or appliance which answers to a description in one or more of the headings 8401 to 8424, or heading 8486 and at the same time to a description in one or more of the headings 8425 to 8480 is to be classified under the appropriate heading of the former group or under heading 8486, as the case may be, and not the latter group.
(A) Heading 8419 does not, however, cover:
(a) germination plant, incubators or brooders (heading 8436);
(b) grain dampening machines (heading 8437);
(c) diffusing apparatus for sugar juice extraction (heading 8438);
(d) machinery for the heat-treatment of textile yarns, fabrics or made up textile articles (heading 8451); or
(e) machinery, plant or laboratory equipment, designed for a mechanical operation, in which a change of temperature, even if necessary, is subsidiary.
(B) Heading 8422 does not cover:
(C) Heading 8424 does not cover:
3. A machine tool for working any material which answers to a description in heading 8456 and at the same time to a description in heading 8457, 8458, 8459, 8460, 8461, 8464 or 8465 is to be classified in heading 8456.
4. Heading 8457 applies only to machine tools for working metal, other than lathes (including turning centres), which can carry out different types of machining operations either:
(a) by automatic tool change from a magazine or the like in conformity with a machining programme (machining centres);
(b) by the automatic use, simultaneously or sequentially, of different unit heads working on a fixed position workpiece (unit construction machines, single station); or
(c) by the automatic transfer of the workpiece to different unit heads (multi-station transfer machines).
5. For the purposes of heading 8462, a ‘slitting line’ for flat products is a processing line composed of an uncoiler, a coil flattener, a slitter and a recoiler. A ‘cut-to-length line’ for flat products is a processing line composed of an uncoiler, a coil flattener, and a shear.
6.
(A) For the purposes of heading 8471, the expression ‘automatic data-processing machines’ means machines, capable of
(1) storing the processing program or programs and at least the data immediately necessary for the execution of the program;
(2) being freely programmed in accordance with the requirements of the user;
(3) performing arithmetical computations specified by the user; and
(4) executing, without human intervention, a processing program which requires them to modify their execution, by logical decision during the processing run.
(B) Automatic data-processing machines may be in the form of systems consisting of a variable number of separate units.
(C) Subject to paragraph (D) and (E) below, a unit is to be regarded as being a part of an automatic data-processing system if it meets all of the following conditions:
(1) it is of a kind solely or principally used in an automatic data-processing system;
(2) it is connectable to the central processing unit either directly or through one or more other units; and
(3) it is able to accept or deliver data in a form (codes or signals) which can be used by the system.
Separately presented units of an automatic data-processing machine are to be classified in heading 8471.
However keyboards, X-Y coordinate input devices and disk storage units which satisfy the conditions of paragraphs (C)(2) and (C)(3) above, are in all cases to be classified as units of heading 8471.
(D) Heading 8471 does not cover the following when presented separately, even if they meet all of the conditions set forth in note 6(C) above:
(1) printers, copying machines, facsimile machines, whether or not combined;
(2) apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, including apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network (such as a local or wide area network);
(3) loudspeakers and microphones;
(4) television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders;
(5) monitors and projectors, not incorporating television reception apparatus.
(E) Machines incorporating or working in conjunction with an automatic data-processing machine and performing a specific function other than data processing are to be classified in the headings appropriate to their respective functions or, failing that, in residual headings.
7. Heading 8482 applies, inter alia, to polished steel balls, the maximum and minimum diameters of which do not differ from the nominal diameter by more than 1 % or by more than 0,05 mm, whichever is less.
Other steel balls are to be classified in heading 7326.
8. A machine which is used for more than one purpose is, for the purposes of classification, to be treated as if its principal purpose were its sole purpose.
Subject to note 2 to this chapter and note 3 to Section XVI, a machine the principal purpose of which is not described in any heading or for which no one purpose is the principal purpose is, unless the context otherwise requires, to be classified in heading 8479. Heading 8479 also covers machines for making rope or cable (for example, stranding, twisting or cabling machines) from metal wire, textile yarn or any other material or from a combination of such materials.
9. For the purposes of heading 8470, the term ‘pocket-size’ applies only to machines the dimensions of which do not exceed 170 mm × 100 mm × 45 mm.
10. For the purposes of heading 8485, the expression ‘additive manufacturing’ (also referred to as 3D printing) means the formation of physical objects, based on a digital model, by the successive addition and layering, and consolidation and solidification, of material (for example, metal, plastics or ceramics).
Subject to note 1 to Section XVI and note 1 to Chapter 84, machines answering to the description in heading 8485 are to be classified in that heading and in no other heading of the nomenclature.
11.
(A) Notes 12(a) and 12(b) to Chapter 85 also apply with respect to the expressions ‘semiconductor devices’ and ‘electronic integrated circuits’, respectively, as used in this note and in heading 8486. However, for the purposes of this note and of heading 8486, the expression ‘semiconductor devices’ also covers photosensitive semiconductor devices and light-emitting diodes (LED).
(B) For the purposes of this note and of heading 8486, the expression ‘manufacture of flat panel displays’ covers the fabrication of substrates into a flat panel. It does not cover the manufacture of glass or the assembly of printed circuit boards or other electronic components onto the flat panel. The expression ‘flat panel display’ does not cover cathode-ray tube technology.
(C) Heading 8486 also includes machines and apparatus solely or principally of a kind used for:
(1) the manufacture or repair of masks and reticles;
(2) assembling semiconductor devices or electronic integrated circuits;
(3) lifting, handling, loading or unloading of boules, wafers, semiconductor devices, electronic integrated circuits and flat panel displays.
(D) Subject to note 1 to Section XVI and note 1 to Chapter 84, machines and apparatus answering to the description in heading 8486 are to be classified in that heading and in no other heading of the nomenclature.
Products classified here
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for machine tools for working any material by removal of material, by laser or other light or photon beam, ultrasonic, electrodischarge, electrochemical, electron beam, ionic-beam or plasma arc processes; water-jet cutting machines?
Machine tools for working any material by removal of material, by laser or other light or photon beam, ultrasonic, electrodischarge, electrochemical, electron beam, ionic-beam or plasma arc processes; water-jet cutting machines fall under HS heading 8456, part of chapter 84, in section XVI of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on machine tools for working any material by removal… in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 8456 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 0% to 4%, depending on the line. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on machine tools for working any material by removal… in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 8456 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 0% to 4.5%, depending on the line. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most machine tools for working any material by removal…?
China, with US$2.1bn in 2024 (27.9% of world exports).