EU Combined Nomenclature · CN code · HS 8428.70
Industrial robots for handling
✓ Can be used in a customs declaration Data: EU Combined Nomenclature, in force from 1 January 2026 · checked on 24 October 2026
Importing into EU
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Prohibitions, licences, controls and sanctions that apply when these goods leave the EU.
| Export measures | Destination | Legal act | Validity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Export prohibitionSanctions regime: North Korea | North Korea | Regulation 0285/18 | 28 February 2018 |
| Restriction on exportSanctions regime: Iran | Iran | Regulation 0267/12 | 30 September 2025 |
| Export controlSanctions regime: Belarus | Belarus | Regulation 0765/06 | 1 July 2024 |
| Export controlSanctions regime: Crimea and Sevastopol | Ukraine | Regulation 0692/14 | 25 February 2025 |
| Export controlSanctions regime: Russia | Russia | Regulation 0833/14 | 26 June 2024 |
| Export control on restricted goods and technologiesSanctions regime: North Korea | North Korea | Regulation 1509/17 | 1 January 2022 |
| Export controlSanctions regime: Zimbabwe | Zimbabwe | Regulation 0384/26 | 19 February 2026 |
| Export controlSanctions regime: Belarus | Belarus | Regulation 0765/06 | 20 July 2025 |
| Import/export restriction - Common Military List (CML) goodsSanctions regime: Russia | Russia | Regulation 0833/14 | 20 July 2025 |
| Export controlSanctions regime: North Korea | North Korea | Regulation 1509/17 | 11 April 2025 |
| Export controlSanctions regime: Iran | Iran | Regulation 0267/12 | 30 September 2025 |
| Export controlSanctions regime: Non-government-controlled areas of Ukraine | Ukraine | Regulation 0263/22 | 25 August 2022 |
| Export controlSanctions regime: Russia | Russia | Regulation 0833/14 | 24 June 2023 |
| Export controlSanctions regime: Belarus | Belarus | Regulation 0765/06 | 25 February 2025 |
| Export controlSanctions regime: Iran | Iran | Regulation 0267/12 | 30 September 2025 |
| Export authorization (Dual use) | All third countries | Regulation 2003/25 | 15 November 2025 |
TARIC data as of 27 October 2026
The rate each member state applies to goods of this code, from the Commission’s Taxes in Europe Database. A reduced rate can cover only part of the goods under a code: check the national VAT law.
Austria 20% 
Belgium 21% 
Bulgaria 20% 
Croatia 25% 
Cyprus 3% / 5% reduced rate 
Czechia 21% 
Denmark 25% 
Estonia 9% reduced rate 
Finland 25.5% 
France 20% 
Germany 19% 
Greece 13% reduced rate 
Hungary 27% 
Ireland 23% 
Italy 22% 
Latvia 21% 
Lithuania 21% 
Luxembourg 17% 
Malta 18% 
Netherlands 21% 
Poland 23% 
Portugal 23% 
Romania 21% 
Slovakia 23% 
Slovenia 22% 
Spain 21% 
Sweden 25% TEDB · 27 October 2026
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 Japan | €894.2m | 82.3% | +323% |
 China | €122.2m | 11.3% | -20.9% |
 United States | €20.9m | 1.9% | +10.3% |
 Switzerland | €18.7m | 1.7% | +26.4% |
 South Korea | €7m | 0.6% | +59.3% |
 United Kingdom | €5.4m | 0.5% | -30% |
 Türkiye | €4m | 0.4% | +63% |
 Mexico | €3.8m | 0.3% | -63.7% |
8428.70 Other lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery: industrial robots
UK Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line Türkiye Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line USA Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Canada Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line Mexico 15% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Brazil 20% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Argentina 12.6% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Peru Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
New Zealand 5% General (MFN) 1 tariff line Japan Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Taiwan Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
GCC 5% General (MFN) 1 tariff line Switzerland Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Norway Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
North Macedonia Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Nigeria 5% General (MFN) 1 tariff line The European Commission's explanatory notes on how to classify goods in these CN codes. They are not legally binding but customs authorities follow them; they complement the HS Explanatory Notes of the World Customs Organization.
This heading does not include caterpillar lifts with caterpillar track systems used to move wheelchairs with their occupants up or downstairs, these fall in heading 8714 as accessories for wheelchairs.
General
For the purposes of subheadings 8407 34 10, 8407 90 50 and 8408 20 10, ‘for the industrial assembly’ applies only to the series-assembly of new vehicles in factories which manufacture or assemble motor vehicles (including subcontractors).
These subheadings can be applied only to engines actually used in the production of new vehicles of the kinds referred to in the subheadings. Consequently, they do not cover similar engines used as spare parts.
Explanatory Notes to the Combined Nomenclature of the European Union, Official Journal C (consolidated text and later amendments) · © European Union
The Combined Nomenclature of each year, as published in the Official Journal: description, third-country duty and supplementary unit.
| Year | Description | Third-country duty | Supplementary unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | Industrial robots | Free | — |
| 2025 | unchanged | Free | — |
| 2024 | unchanged | Free | — |
| 2023 | unchanged | Free | — |
| 2022 | Industrial robots | Free | — |
| 2021 | not in this year’s nomenclature | — | — |
| 2020 | not in this year’s nomenclature | — | — |
| 2019 | not in this year’s nomenclature | — | — |
Since 2022; before, these goods were classified under 8428 90 90.
In the EU Combined Nomenclature, 8428 70 00 is one of 1 line under subheading 8428.70, other lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery: industrial robots.
The third-country duty is free, and quantities are declared in —.
In the 12 months to August 2026, the EU imported industrial robots for handling (HS 8428.70) worth €1.1bn (up 151% on the year before), at an average of €45.81 per kg; Japan supplied 82%, followed by China.
For the same subheading, the UK duty is free, the Türkiye duty is free, the US duty is free, the Canada duty is free, the Mexico duty is 15%, the Brazil duty is 20%, the Argentina duty is 12.6%, the Peru duty is free, the New Zealand duty is 5%, the Japan duty is free, the Taiwan duty is free, the GCC duty is 5%, the Switzerland duty is free, the Norway duty is free, the North Macedonia duty is free and the Nigeria duty is 5%.
EU member states imported goods of subheading 8428.70 worth US$616m in 2024; the largest supplier from outside the EU was Japan, and the United Kingdom ranked 5th with US$11m.
The third-country duty in the EU Combined Nomenclature is free; the supplementary unit is —. Preferential rates for goods from agreement countries, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
For subheading 8428.70 as a whole, the largest supplier from outside the EU in 2024 was Japan (US$141m), followed by China.
Everyday names, not part of the legal text.