Subheading · Chapter 74 · Heading 7403
7403.11: Cathodes and sections of cathodes
Refined copper cathodes
7403.11 is the HS subheading for refined copper cathodes, under heading 7403 in chapter 74.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 7403 11 00 00 Cathodes and sections of cathodes Free
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 1
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 376
- Documents
- 9008
Import requirements 2
- Prohibition or restrictionImport prohibition
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Russia, Ukraine
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/855, S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9011
- 9022
- 9064
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | Free |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code " EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Andorra agreement | Andorra | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Switzerland agreement | Switzerland | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Faroe Islands agreement | Faroe Islands | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| DCTS Standard | Indonesia | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Liechtenstein agreement | Liechtenstein | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–Norway agreement | Norway | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Tunisia agreement | Tunisia | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 Belgium | £84.6m | 93.3% | +34.5% |
 Germany | £3m | 3.3% | +214.3% |
 Bahrain | £2.6m | 2.8% | — |
 Türkiye | £251k | 0.3% | — |
 Slovakia | £95k | 0.1% | +55.9% |
 France | £81k | 0.1% | -56.6% |
 Netherlands | £68k | 0.1% | +235.1% |
 China | £35k | 0% | — |
Same subheading in other tariffs
EU Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line Türkiye Free Third-country duty 2 tariff lines 
USA 1% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Canada Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Mexico Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Brazil 5.4% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Argentina 5.4% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Peru Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
New Zealand Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Japan Free – 3% Third-country duty 3 tariff lines · average 2% 
Taiwan Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
GCC 5% Third-country duty 2 tariff lines 
Switzerland Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Norway Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
North Macedonia 10% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Nigeria 5% Third-country duty 1 tariff line World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$157mUS$157m+US$1bn+US$3bn+> US$7bn
Exports: 82
- Congo - Kinshasa: US$19bn
- Chile: US$17bn
- Japan: US$7bn
- Kazakhstan: US$4bn
- Australia: US$4bn
- China: US$3bn
- Russia: US$3bn
- Poland: US$3bn
- Peru: US$2bn
- Zambia: US$2bn
- Indonesia: US$2bn
- Bulgaria: US$2bn
- Congo - Brazzaville: US$2bn
- South Korea: US$2bn
- United States: US$1bn
- Belgium: US$1bn
- Philippines: US$1bn
- Serbia: US$1bn
- Canada: US$1bn
- Spain: US$1bn
- Germany: US$944m
- Finland: US$914m
- Austria: US$726m
- Netherlands: US$583m
- Uzbekistan: US$464m
- Sweden: US$367m
- Taiwan: US$363m
- United Arab Emirates: US$327m
- Mexico: US$259m
- India: US$256m
- France: US$254m
- South Africa: US$241m
- Iran: US$226m
- Morocco: US$225m
- Singapore: US$211m
- Myanmar (Burma): US$184m
- Thailand: US$175m
- Italy: US$169m
- Norway: US$161m
- Tanzania: US$157m
- Mongolia: US$120m
- Laos: US$108m
- Switzerland: US$94m
- Croatia: US$85m
- Luxembourg: US$47m
- Tajikistan: US$46m
- Mozambique: US$45m
- Nigeria: US$44m
- Slovenia: US$28m
- Malaysia: US$25m
- Slovakia: US$19m
- Bolivia: US$17m
- Latvia: US$17m
- Türkiye: US$14m
- Azerbaijan: US$12m
- North Macedonia: US$6m
- Vietnam: US$5m
- Kenya: US$4m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$3m
- Czechia: US$3m
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$2mUS$2m+US$173m+US$2bn+> US$5bn
Imports: 119
- China: US$33bn
- United States: US$8bn
- Taiwan: US$5bn
- Italy: US$5bn
- Germany: US$4bn
- Türkiye: US$3bn
- Thailand: US$3bn
- India: US$3bn
- Brazil: US$3bn
- South Korea: US$2bn
- Malaysia: US$2bn
- Vietnam: US$2bn
- Mexico: US$1bn
- Saudi Arabia: US$1bn
- France: US$1bn
- Spain: US$1bn
- Egypt: US$1bn
- Sweden: US$1bn
- Switzerland: US$921m
- Indonesia: US$806m
- Netherlands: US$799m
- Greece: US$722m
- Singapore: US$306m
- Canada: US$267m
- Belgium: US$267m
- Finland: US$245m
- United Arab Emirates: US$244m
- Bulgaria: US$244m
- South Africa: US$197m
- Austria: US$173m
- Bangladesh: US$158m
- Pakistan: US$127m
- Croatia: US$123m
- Poland: US$119m
- Czechia: US$97m
- United Kingdom: US$94m
- Bahrain: US$88m
- Kuwait: US$81m
- Japan: US$62m
- Slovakia: US$43m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$25m
- Ecuador: US$25m
- Philippines: US$21m
- Algeria: US$18m
- Hungary: US$16m
- Panama: US$16m
- Peru: US$10m
- Portugal: US$8m
- Congo - Brazzaville: US$8m
- Tanzania: US$8m
- Romania: US$7m
- Mauritius: US$7m
- Tunisia: US$6m
- Uganda: US$5m
- Zimbabwe: US$5m
- Argentina: US$4m
- Jordan: US$4m
- Luxembourg: US$3m
- Latvia: US$2m
- Serbia: US$2m
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Congo - Kinshasa | US$19bn | 22% |
| 2 |  Chile | US$17bn | 19.7% |
| 3 | Japan | US$7bn | 7.5% |
| 4 |  Kazakhstan | US$4bn | 4.3% |
| 5 |  Australia | US$4bn | 4.2% |
| 6 | China | US$3bn | 3.5% |
| 7 |  Russia | US$3bn | 3.5% |
| 8 |  Poland | US$3bn | 3% |
| 9 | Peru | US$2bn | 2.9% |
| 10 |  Zambia | US$2bn | 2.6% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | US$33bn | 38.1% |
| 2 | United States | US$8bn | 9.5% |
| 3 | Taiwan | US$5bn | 5.5% |
| 4 |  Italy | US$5bn | 5.4% |
| 5 | Germany | US$4bn | 4.3% |
| 6 | Türkiye | US$3bn | 3.6% |
| 7 |  Thailand | US$3bn | 3.5% |
| 8 |  India | US$3bn | 3% |
| 9 | Brazil | US$3bn | 2.9% |
| 10 |  South Korea | US$2bn | 2.8% |
Import duty on this product around the world 165
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 3%median duty
- 66number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 45%highest: Bahamas, Bermuda, Cayman Islands
165
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan | 5% | 2018 · HS 2012 | |
 Albania | 0% | 2023 | |
 Algeria | 15% | 2023 | |
 Angola | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Anguilla | 15% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Antigua & Barbuda | 5% | 2021 · HS 2007 | |
| Argentina | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Armenia | 2% | 2023 | |
 Aruba | 12% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
| Australia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Azerbaijan | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bahamas | 45% | 2022 | |
| Bahrain | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bangladesh | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Barbados | 5% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Belarus | 2% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Belize | 0% | 2023 | |
 Benin | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bermuda | 25% | 2023 | |
 Bhutan | 10% | 2022 | |
 Bolivia | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bosnia & Herzegovina | 5% | 2022 | |
 Botswana | 0% | 2023 | |
| Brazil | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Brunei | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Burkina Faso | 5% | 2023 | |
 Burundi | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cambodia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cameroon | 10% | 2023 | |
| Canada | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cape Verde | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cayman Islands | 22% | 2021 · HS 2002 | |
 Central African Republic | 10% | 2023 | |
 Chad | 10% | 2023 | |
| Chile | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| China | 2% | 2023 | |
 Colombia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Comoros | 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Congo - Brazzaville | 10% | 2023 | |
 Cook Islands | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Costa Rica | 0% | 2023 | |
 Côte d’Ivoire | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cuba | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominica | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominican Republic | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ecuador | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Egypt | 2% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 El Salvador | 0% | 2022 | |
 Equatorial Guinea | 10% | 2023 | |
 Eswatini | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ethiopia | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| European Union (27 countries) | 0% | 2023 | |
 Fiji | 5% | 2023 | |
 French Polynesia | 4% | 2023 | |
 Gabon | 10% | 2023 | |
 Gambia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Georgia | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Ghana | 5% | 2023 | |
 Gibraltar | 12% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Grenada | 5% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Guatemala | 0% | 2023 | |
 Guinea | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guinea-Bissau | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guyana | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Haiti | 0% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Honduras | 0% | 2023 | |
 Hong Kong SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iceland | 0% | 2023 | |
| India | 5% | 2023 | |
 Indonesia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Iran | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Israel | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Jamaica | 0% | 2023 | |
| Japan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Jordan | 0% | 2023 | |
| Kazakhstan | 2% | 2023 | |
 Kenya | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kiribati | 0% | 2023 · HS 2002 | |
 Kuwait | 5% | 2023 | |
 Kyrgyzstan | 2% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Laos | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Lebanon | 0% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Lesotho | 0% | 2023 | |
 Liberia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Libya | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Liechtenstein | 0%* | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Macao SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Madagascar | 5% | 2023 | |
 Malawi | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Malaysia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Maldives | 10% | 2023 | |
 Mali | 5% | 2023 | |
 Mauritania | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mauritius | 0% | 2023 | |
| Mexico | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Micronesia | 4% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Moldova | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mongolia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Montserrat | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Morocco | 2.5% | 2023 | |
 Mozambique | 2.5% | 2023 | |
 Myanmar (Burma) | 7.5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Namibia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nauru | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Nepal | 5% | 2023 | |
| New Zealand | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nicaragua | 0% | 2023 | |
 Niger | 5% | 2023 | |
| Nigeria | 5% | 2023 | |
| North Macedonia | 10% | 2023 | |
| Norway | 0% | 2023 | |
 Oman | 5% | 2023 | |
 Pakistan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Palau | 3% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Palestinian Territories | 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Panama | 0% | 2023 | |
 Papua New Guinea | 0% | 2023 | |
 Paraguay | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Peru | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Philippines | 1% | 2023 | |
 Qatar | 5% | 2023 | |
| Russia | 2% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Rwanda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Samoa | 8% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 São Tomé & Príncipe | 5% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 Saudi Arabia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Senegal | 5% | 2023 | |
 Seychelles | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sierra Leone | 5% | 2023 | |
 Singapore | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Solomon Islands | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Somalia | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 South Africa | 0% | 2023 | |
| South Korea | 3% | 2023 | |
 Sri Lanka | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Kitts & Nevis | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Lucia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 St Pierre & Miquelon | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 St Vincent & the Grenadines | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sudan | 3% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Suriname | 5% | 2023 · HS 2007 | |
| Switzerland | 0%* | 2023 | |
 Syria | 1% | 2020 · HS 2012 | |
 Tajikistan | 5% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Tanzania | 0% | 2023 | |
| Thailand | 0% | 2023 | |
 Togo | 5% | 2023 | |
 Tonga | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Trinidad & Tobago | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
| Türkiye | 0% | 2023 | |
 Tuvalu | 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Uganda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ukraine | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 United Arab Emirates | 5% | 2023 | |
| United Kingdom | 0% | 2023 | |
| United States | 1% | 2023 | |
 Uruguay | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Uzbekistan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Vanuatu | 10% | 2023 | |
 Venezuela | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Vietnam | 0% | 2023 | |
 Wallis & Futuna | 6% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Yemen | 5% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
| Zambia | 15% | 2023 | |
 Zimbabwe | 0.1% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. * ad valorem equivalent of specific duties (UNCTAD estimate) · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 68212 Refined copper
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Intermediate goods · BEC 311210
- CPC 2.1 product
- 41413 Refined copper and copper alloys, unwrought; master alloys of copper
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 2420 Manufacture of basic precious and other non-ferrous metals
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 7403.11 | unchanged |
| 2012 | 7403.11 | unchanged |
| 2007 | 7403.11 | unchanged |
| 2002 | 7403.11 | unchanged |
| 1996 | 7403.11 | unchanged |
| 1992 | 7403.11 | unchanged |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
- Tariff change
UK Trade Tariff: measure changes on 1015 commodity codes
Trade Tariff changes 2026-09-29 · Source: trade-tariff.service.gov.uk
- Import and export controls
FR Doc. 2026-14542 · 91 FR 45516 · Source: federalregister.gov
- Tariff change
FR Doc. 2026-11158 · 91 FR 33854 · Source: federalregister.gov
- Sanctions · Applies from:
CELEX 32026R0513 · Source: eur-lex.europa.eu
The UK Global Tariff has one tariff line for subheading 7403.11; the duty is duty-free.
Subheading 7403.11 is a single line in the EU Combined Nomenclature, where the duty is duty-free.
174 countries pay no duty in the UK thanks to trade agreements and preference schemes such as DCTS Comprehensive and European Union, against a standard rate of Free.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
Imports of refined copper cathodes into the UK came to £90.7m between September 2025 and August 2026 (up 41% on the year before); Belgium supplied 93%, followed by Germany.
In 2024, countries exported refined copper cathodes worth US$87bn (+8.3% year on year).
The largest exporter was the Congo - Kinshasa (US$19bn), followed by Chile.
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for cathodes and sections of cathodes?
Cathodes and sections of cathodes fall under HS subheading 7403.11, part of heading 7403, in section XV of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on cathodes and sections of cathodes in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 7403.11 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on cathodes and sections of cathodes in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 7403.11 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most cathodes and sections of cathodes?
The Congo - Kinshasa, with US$19bn in 2024 (22% of world exports).
Which countries can export refined copper cathodes to the UK duty-free?
174 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of Free applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Is there anti-dumping duty on refined copper cathodes?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import refined copper cathodes from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were Belgium (93%), Germany (3%) and Bahrain (3%), out of total imports of £90.7m.