Subheading · Chapter 07 · Heading 0701
0701.10: Potatoes, fresh or chilled: seed
Seed potatoes
Official description Seed
0701.10 is the HS subheading for seed potatoes, under heading 0701 in chapter 07.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 0701 10 00 00 Seed 4%
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Import requirements 4
- Prohibition or restrictionImport prohibition
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Import controlPhytosanitary Certificate (import)
- Applies to goods from
- Afghanistan, Åland Islands, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Anguilla and 241 more
- Legal act
- 2020 No. 1527
- Documents
- N851
- C085 Common Health Entry Document for Plants and Plant Products (CHED-PP) (as set out in Part 2, Section C of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Ukraine
- Legal act
- S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlImport control of organic products
- Applies to goods from
- all countries except Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Cyprus, Czechia, Germany, Denmark, Estonia, Spain, Finland, France, United Kingdom, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Slovenia, Slovakia
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/693
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | 4% |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code " EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Switzerland agreementQuota | Switzerland | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| DCTS Standard | Indonesia | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Liechtenstein agreementQuota | Liechtenstein | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 Netherlands | £6.1m | 83.2% | -26% |
 France | £673k | 9.3% | +11.2% |
 Germany | £341k | 4.7% | -39.9% |
 Belgium | £73k | 1% | -65.1% |
 Denmark | £65k | 0.9% | — |
 Ireland | £53k | 0.7% | -62.4% |
| United Kingdom | £20k | 0.3% | -39.4% |
 Finland | £0 | 0% | -100% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
EU 4.5% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Türkiye 19.3% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
USA specific or compound duty General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Canada specific or compound duty Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Mexico Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Brazil Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Argentina Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Peru Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
New Zealand Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Japan 3% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Taiwan Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
GCC Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Switzerland specific or compound duty Third-country duty 2 tariff lines 
Norway 95% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
North Macedonia Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Nigeria 5% Third-country duty 1 tariff line World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$168kUS$168k+US$3m+US$22m+> US$116m
Exports: 93
- Netherlands: US$648m
- France: US$201m
- United Kingdom: US$116m
- Germany: US$88m
- Denmark: US$59m
- Egypt: US$44m
- Canada: US$40m
- Belgium: US$40m
- United States: US$22m
- South Africa: US$14m
- Kazakhstan: US$11m
- Spain: US$10m
- Austria: US$6m
- Australia: US$5m
- Poland: US$5m
- China: US$4m
- Russia: US$4m
- Italy: US$4m
- Kyrgyzstan: US$4m
- Pakistan: US$3m
- Argentina: US$3m
- Portugal: US$3m
- Luxembourg: US$2m
- Türkiye: US$2m
- Cyprus: US$2m
- Hungary: US$1m
- Czechia: US$1m
- Chile: US$1m
- India: US$1m
- South Korea: US$865k
- Belarus: US$823k
- Finland: US$789k
- Morocco: US$699k
- Ireland: US$690k
- Brazil: US$449k
- New Zealand: US$333k
- Senegal: US$316k
- Slovakia: US$248k
- Algeria: US$227k
- Sweden: US$205k
- Palestinian Territories: US$201k
- Jordan: US$177k
- Serbia: US$171k
- Slovenia: US$168k
- Bangladesh: US$167k
- Greece: US$148k
- Colombia: US$144k
- Ukraine: US$142k
- Switzerland: US$133k
- Vietnam: US$132k
- Croatia: US$130k
- Bosnia & Herzegovina: US$125k
- Romania: US$92k
- Tunisia: US$88k
- Uruguay: US$79k
- Kenya: US$55k
- Malaysia: US$50k
- Lithuania: US$23k
- Bulgaria: US$23k
- Guatemala: US$23k
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$845kUS$845k+US$6m+US$20m+> US$60m
Imports: 172
- Egypt: US$163m
- Belgium: US$138m
- Algeria: US$95m
- Germany: US$67m
- Spain: US$67m
- Netherlands: US$60m
- Italy: US$59m
- France: US$55m
- Morocco: US$52m
- Saudi Arabia: US$46m
- United States: US$38m
- Lebanon: US$28m
- Türkiye: US$26m
- Portugal: US$25m
- Israel: US$24m
- Iraq: US$22m
- Greece: US$20m
- Tunisia: US$16m
- Austria: US$14m
- Jordan: US$14m
- Syria: US$13m
- Romania: US$12m
- Turkmenistan: US$11m
- Libya: US$11m
- Brazil: US$11m
- Canada: US$11m
- Poland: US$10m
- Croatia: US$10m
- Senegal: US$10m
- Zimbabwe: US$10m
- United Kingdom: US$9m
- Cuba: US$9m
- Pakistan: US$8m
- Slovakia: US$8m
- Bosnia & Herzegovina: US$8m
- Switzerland: US$7m
- Serbia: US$7m
- Indonesia: US$6m
- Thailand: US$6m
- Hungary: US$6m
- Czechia: US$6m
- Russia: US$6m
- Cyprus: US$6m
- Slovenia: US$6m
- Mali: US$6m
- Denmark: US$5m
- Kazakhstan: US$5m
- Dominican Republic: US$5m
- Nicaragua: US$4m
- United Arab Emirates: US$4m
- Bangladesh: US$4m
- Sudan: US$4m
- Sweden: US$4m
- Honduras: US$4m
- Albania: US$4m
- Vietnam: US$4m
- Azerbaijan: US$3m
- Bulgaria: US$3m
- Afghanistan: US$3m
- Ukraine: US$2m
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Netherlands | US$648m | 48% |
| 2 | France | US$201m | 14.9% |
| 3 | United Kingdom | US$116m | 8.6% |
| 4 | Germany | US$88m | 6.5% |
| 5 | Denmark | US$59m | 4.4% |
| 6 |  Egypt | US$44m | 3.3% |
| 7 | Canada | US$40m | 2.9% |
| 8 | Belgium | US$40m | 2.9% |
| 9 | United States | US$22m | 1.6% |
| 10 |  South Africa | US$14m | 1% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Egypt | US$163m | 12.1% |
| 2 | Belgium | US$138m | 10.2% |
| 3 |  Algeria | US$95m | 7.1% |
| 4 | Germany | US$67m | 5% |
| 5 |  Spain | US$67m | 4.9% |
| 6 | Netherlands | US$60m | 4.5% |
| 7 |  Italy | US$59m | 4.4% |
| 8 | France | US$55m | 4.1% |
| 9 |  Morocco | US$52m | 3.9% |
| 10 |  Saudi Arabia | US$46m | 3.4% |
Import duty on this product around the world 164
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 0.1%median duty
- 78number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 304%highest: South Korea, Thailand, Iceland
164
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan | 20% | 2018 · HS 2012 | |
 Albania | 2% | 2023 | |
| Algeria | 5% | 2023 | |
 Angola | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Anguilla | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Antigua & Barbuda | 0% | 2021 · HS 2007 | |
| Argentina | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Armenia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Aruba | 0% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Australia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Azerbaijan | 7.5% | 0% – 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 Bahrain | 0% | 2023 | |
 Bangladesh | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Barbados | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Belarus | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Belize | 0% | 2023 | |
 Benin | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bermuda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Bhutan | 0% | 2022 | |
 Bolivia | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bosnia & Herzegovina | 5% | 2022 | |
 Botswana | 0.1%* | 2023 | |
| Brazil | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Brunei | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Burkina Faso | 5% | 2023 | |
 Burundi | 25% | 2023 | |
 Cambodia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cameroon | 5% | 2023 | |
| Canada | 0.7%* | 2023 | |
 Cape Verde | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cayman Islands | 0% | 2021 · HS 2002 | |
 Central African Republic | 5% | 2023 | |
 Chad | 5% | 2023 | |
 Chile | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 China | 13% | 2023 | |
 Colombia | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Comoros | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Congo - Brazzaville | 5% | 2023 | |
 Cook Islands | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Costa Rica | 0% | 2023 | |
 Côte d’Ivoire | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cuba | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominica | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominican Republic | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ecuador | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Egypt | 2% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 El Salvador | 0% | 2022 | |
 Equatorial Guinea | 5% | 2023 | |
 Eswatini | 0%* | 2023 | |
 Ethiopia | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| European Union (27 countries) | 4.5% | 2023 | |
 Fiji | 0% | 2023 | |
 French Polynesia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Gabon | 5% | 2023 | |
 Gambia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Georgia | 12% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Ghana | 5% | 2023 | |
 Gibraltar | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Grenada | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Guatemala | 0% | 2023 | |
 Guinea | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guinea-Bissau | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guyana | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Haiti | 0% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Honduras | 0% | 2023 | |
 Hong Kong SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iceland | 107%* | 2023 | |
 India | 30% | 2023 | |
 Indonesia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iran | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Israel | 54% | 10% – 97% | 2022 · HS 2017 |
 Jamaica | 0% | 2023 | |
| Japan | 3% | 2023 | |
 Jordan | 5% | 2023 | |
 Kazakhstan | 5% | 2023 | |
 Kenya | 25% | 2023 | |
 Kiribati | 10% | 2023 · HS 2002 | |
 Kuwait | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kyrgyzstan | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Laos | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Lebanon | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Lesotho | 0.1%* | 2023 | |
 Liberia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Libya | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Liechtenstein | 47%* | 2.9% – 90% | 2021 · HS 2017 |
 Macao SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Madagascar | 0% | 2023 | |
 Malawi | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Malaysia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Maldives | 0% | 2023 | |
 Mali | 5% | 2023 | |
 Mauritania | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mauritius | 0% | 2023 | |
| Mexico | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Micronesia | 4% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Moldova | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mongolia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Montserrat | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Morocco | 2.5% | 2023 | |
 Mozambique | 0% | 2023 | |
 Myanmar (Burma) | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Namibia | 0.1%* | 2023 | |
 Nauru | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Nepal | 10% | 2023 | |
| New Zealand | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nicaragua | 0% | 2023 | |
 Niger | 5% | 2023 | |
| Nigeria | 5% | 2023 | |
| North Macedonia | 0% | 2023 | |
| Norway | 27%* | 2023 | |
 Oman | 0% | 2023 | |
 Pakistan | 3% | 2023 | |
 Palau | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Palestinian Territories | 54% | 10% – 97% | 2017 · HS 2017 |
 Panama | 0% | 2023 | |
 Papua New Guinea | 0% | 2023 | |
 Paraguay | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Peru | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Philippines | 0% | 2023 | |
 Qatar | 0% | 2023 | |
 Russia | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Rwanda | 25% | 2023 | |
 Samoa | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 São Tomé & Príncipe | 10% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
| Saudi Arabia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Senegal | 5% | 2023 | |
 Seychelles | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sierra Leone | 5% | 2023 | |
 Singapore | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Solomon Islands | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Somalia | 25% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| South Africa | 0%* | 2023 | |
 South Korea | 304% | 2023 | |
 Sri Lanka | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Kitts & Nevis | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Lucia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 St Pierre & Miquelon | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 St Vincent & the Grenadines | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sudan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Suriname | 0% | 2023 · HS 2007 | |
| Switzerland | 49%* | 3% – 94% | 2023 |
 Syria | 1% | 2020 · HS 2012 | |
 Tajikistan | 5% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Tanzania | 25% | 2023 | |
 Thailand | 125% | 2023 | |
 Togo | 5% | 2023 | |
 Tonga | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Trinidad & Tobago | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
| Türkiye | 19% | 2023 | |
 Tuvalu | 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Uganda | 25% | 2023 | |
 Ukraine | 2% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 United Arab Emirates | 0% | 2023 | |
| United Kingdom | 4% | 2023 | |
| United States | 1%* | 2023 | |
 Uruguay | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Uzbekistan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Vanuatu | 0% | 2023 | |
 Venezuela | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Vietnam | 0% | 2023 | |
 Wallis & Futuna | 4% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Yemen | 5% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Zambia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Zimbabwe | 0.1% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. * ad valorem equivalent of specific duties (UNCTAD estimate) · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 0541 Potatoes, fresh/chilled (not including sweet potatoes)
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Intermediate goods · BEC 3111
- CPC 2.1 product
- 01510 Potatoes
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 0113 Growing of vegetables and melons, roots and tubers
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 0701.10 | unchanged |
| 2012 | 0701.10 | unchanged |
| 2007 | 0701.10 | unchanged |
| 2002 | 0701.10 | unchanged |
| 1996 | 0701.10 | unchanged |
| 1992 | 0701.10 | unchanged |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
- Other
Update to Phytosanitary Controls for Seed Potatoes - 17 April 2026
Trade Tariff news 5675 · Source: trade-tariff.service.gov.uk
Subheading 0701.10 is a single line in the UK Global Tariff, where the duty is 4%.
The EU Combined Nomenclature has one tariff line for subheading 0701.10; the duty is 4.5%.
Goods from 169 countries can enter the UK at a preferential rate instead of the standard 4%; 169 of them pay no duty at all, for example under DCTS Comprehensive or European Union.
In the 12 months to August 2026, the UK imported seed potatoes worth £7.3m (down 26% on the year before), at an average of £0.71 per kg; Netherlands supplied 83%, followed by France.
World trade in seed potatoes reached US$1bn in 2024, up 27.7% on 2023.
The Netherlands was the largest exporter with 48% of the total, ahead of France.
Products classified here
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for potatoes, fresh or chilled: seed?
Potatoes, fresh or chilled: seed fall under HS subheading 0701.10, part of heading 0701, in section II of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on potatoes, fresh or chilled: seed in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 0701.10 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 4%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on potatoes, fresh or chilled: seed in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 0701.10 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 4.5%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most potatoes, fresh or chilled: seed?
The Netherlands, with US$648m in 2024 (48% of world exports).
Which countries can export seed potatoes to the UK duty-free?
169 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of 4% applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Where does the UK import seed potatoes from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were Netherlands (83%), France (9%) and Germany (5%), out of total imports of £7.3m.
Typical products
Everyday names, not part of the legal text.