Subheading · Chapter 08 · Heading 0802
0802.61: Other nuts, fresh or dried, whether or not shelled or peeled: macadamia nuts, in shell
Official description In shell
0802.61 is a six-digit subheading of heading 0802, other nuts, fresh or dried, whether or not shelled or peeled, chapter 08.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 0802 61 00 00 In shell 2%
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 2
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2023 No. 1203
- Documents
- 9062
- Duty suspensionAutonomous tariff suspension Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries except Belarus, Russia
- In force
- until 31 December 2028
- Legal act
- 2020 No. 1435
Import requirements 3
- Prohibition or restrictionImport prohibition
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Ukraine
- Legal act
- S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlImport control of organic products
- Applies to goods from
- all countries except Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Cyprus, Czechia, Germany, Denmark, Estonia, Spain, Finland, France, United Kingdom, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Slovenia, Slovakia
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/693
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | 2% |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code " EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| DCTS Standard | Indonesia | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–Norway agreement | Norway | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 China | £15k | 66.6% | — |
 South Africa | £7k | 29.1% | -32.5% |
 Lithuania | £984 | 4.3% | — |
Same subheading in other tariffs
EU 2% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Türkiye 43.2% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
USA specific or compound duty General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Canada Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Mexico 20% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Brazil 9% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Argentina 9% Third-country duty 3 tariff lines 
Peru 6% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
New Zealand Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Japan 5% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Taiwan 7.5% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
GCC 5% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Switzerland specific or compound duty Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Norway Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
North Macedonia 15% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Nigeria 20% Third-country duty 1 tariff line World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$22kUS$22k+US$464k+US$9m+> US$22m
Exports: 72
- South Africa: US$134m
- Australia: US$83m
- Zimbabwe: US$22m
- Kenya: US$20m
- United States: US$12m
- China: US$10m
- Mozambique: US$9m
- Malawi: US$5m
- Zambia: US$4m
- Guatemala: US$3m
- Brazil: US$2m
- Vietnam: US$2m
- Myanmar (Burma): US$1m
- Thailand: US$891k
- Eswatini: US$619k
- Tanzania: US$493k
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$464k
- Indonesia: US$339k
- Germany: US$322k
- Netherlands: US$294k
- Slovakia: US$238k
- Uganda: US$136k
- Bulgaria: US$136k
- Canada: US$122k
- Spain: US$96k
- Kyrgyzstan: US$92k
- Pakistan: US$76k
- Italy: US$59k
- Paraguay: US$54k
- Chile: US$50k
- Singapore: US$27k
- Kuwait: US$23k
- Greece: US$23k
- United Arab Emirates: US$22k
- France: US$18k
- Mexico: US$17k
- Czechia: US$13k
- Uzbekistan: US$12k
- Lebanon: US$10k
- Russia: US$10k
- Kazakhstan: US$9k
- Belgium: US$7k
- Latvia: US$6k
- Saudi Arabia: US$6k
- Lithuania: US$4k
- Belarus: US$4k
- Estonia: US$4k
- New Zealand: US$4k
- United Kingdom: US$4k
- Bahrain: US$3k
- Luxembourg: US$3k
- Türkiye: US$2k
- Costa Rica: US$2k
- Portugal: US$2k
- Croatia: US$2k
- Poland: US$2k
- Denmark: US$900
- Austria: US$700
- Hungary: US$600
- Senegal: US$400
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$30kUS$30k+US$172k+US$828k+> US$8m
Imports: 113
- China: US$231m
- Vietnam: US$32m
- South Africa: US$17m
- Kyrgyzstan: US$8m
- Mozambique: US$5m
- Saudi Arabia: US$2m
- Lithuania: US$2m
- South Korea: US$1m
- United States: US$929k
- Netherlands: US$926k
- Italy: US$828k
- Australia: US$767k
- Japan: US$676k
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$658k
- Kenya: US$638k
- United Arab Emirates: US$610k
- Thailand: US$581k
- France: US$565k
- Malaysia: US$490k
- Russia: US$455k
- Canada: US$442k
- Taiwan: US$416k
- Germany: US$312k
- Slovakia: US$293k
- Malawi: US$258k
- India: US$211k
- Poland: US$172k
- Azerbaijan: US$143k
- Kazakhstan: US$141k
- Qatar: US$129k
- Lebanon: US$108k
- Armenia: US$103k
- Portugal: US$89k
- Albania: US$88k
- Algeria: US$88k
- United Kingdom: US$86k
- Moldova: US$85k
- Latvia: US$76k
- Singapore: US$76k
- Bahrain: US$64k
- Türkiye: US$64k
- Czechia: US$64k
- Spain: US$62k
- Austria: US$54k
- Philippines: US$54k
- New Zealand: US$51k
- Uzbekistan: US$50k
- Bulgaria: US$48k
- Suriname: US$45k
- Dominican Republic: US$43k
- Sweden: US$40k
- Kuwait: US$37k
- Maldives: US$33k
- Libya: US$30k
- Indonesia: US$27k
- Macao SAR China: US$27k
- Mexico: US$25k
- Denmark: US$23k
- Romania: US$23k
- Tunisia: US$23k
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | South Africa | US$134m | 43.2% |
| 2 |  Australia | US$83m | 26.7% |
| 3 |  Zimbabwe | US$22m | 6.9% |
| 4 |  Kenya | US$20m | 6.6% |
| 5 | United States | US$12m | 3.9% |
| 6 | China | US$10m | 3.2% |
| 7 |  Mozambique | US$9m | 2.8% |
| 8 |  Malawi | US$5m | 1.5% |
| 9 |  Zambia | US$4m | 1.3% |
| 10 |  Guatemala | US$3m | 0.9% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | US$231m | 74.3% |
| 2 |  Vietnam | US$32m | 10.4% |
| 3 | South Africa | US$17m | 5.4% |
| 4 |  Kyrgyzstan | US$8m | 2.5% |
| 5 | Mozambique | US$5m | 1.7% |
| 6 |  Saudi Arabia | US$2m | 0.7% |
| 7 | Lithuania | US$2m | 0.6% |
| 8 |  South Korea | US$1m | 0.4% |
| 9 | United States | US$929k | 0.3% |
| 10 |  Netherlands | US$926k | 0.3% |
Import duty on this product around the world 160
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 10%median duty
- 31number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 55%highest: Iran, Angola, Türkiye
160
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan | 25% | 2018 · HS 2012 | |
 Albania | 10% | 2023 | |
 Algeria | 30% | 2023 | |
 Angola | 50% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Anguilla | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| Argentina | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Armenia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Aruba | 0% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
| Australia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Azerbaijan | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bahrain | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bangladesh | 25% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Barbados | 40% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Belarus | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Belize | 40% | 2023 | |
 Benin | 20% | 2023 | |
 Bermuda | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bhutan | 10% | 2022 | |
 Bolivia | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bosnia & Herzegovina | 0% | 2022 | |
 Botswana | 0% | 2023 | |
| Brazil | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Brunei | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Burkina Faso | 20% | 2023 | |
 Burundi | 25% | 2023 | |
 Cambodia | 7% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cameroon | 30% | 2023 | |
| Canada | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cape Verde | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Central African Republic | 30% | 2023 | |
 Chad | 30% | 2023 | |
 Chile | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| China | 12% | 0% – 24% | 2023 |
 Colombia | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Comoros | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Congo - Brazzaville | 30% | 2023 | |
 Cook Islands | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Costa Rica | 14% | 2023 | |
 Côte d’Ivoire | 20% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cuba | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominica | 40% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominican Republic | 20% | 2023 | |
 Ecuador | 25% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Egypt | 10% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 El Salvador | 15% | 2022 | |
 Equatorial Guinea | 30% | 2023 | |
 Eswatini | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ethiopia | 30% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| European Union (27 countries) | 2% | 2023 | |
 Fiji | 0% | 2023 | |
 French Polynesia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Gabon | 30% | 2023 | |
 Gambia | 20% | 2023 | |
 Georgia | 12% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Ghana | 20% | 2023 | |
 Gibraltar | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Grenada | 40% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
| Guatemala | 15% | 2023 | |
 Guinea | 20% | 2023 | |
 Guinea-Bissau | 20% | 2023 | |
 Guyana | 40% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Haiti | 10% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Honduras | 15% | 2023 | |
 Hong Kong SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iceland | 0% | 2023 | |
 India | 30% | 2023 | |
 Indonesia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Iran | 55% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Israel | 4% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Jamaica | 40% | 2023 | |
| Japan | 5% | 2023 | |
 Jordan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kazakhstan | 5% | 2023 | |
| Kenya | 35% | 2023 | |
 Kuwait | 5% | 2023 | |
| Kyrgyzstan | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Laos | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Lebanon | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Lesotho | 0% | 2023 | |
 Liberia | 20% | 2023 | |
 Libya | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Liechtenstein | 0.9%* | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Macao SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Madagascar | 20% | 2023 | |
| Malawi | 25% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Malaysia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Maldives | 0% | 2023 | |
 Mali | 20% | 2023 | |
 Mauritania | 20% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mauritius | 0% | 2023 | |
| Mexico | 20% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Micronesia | 3% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Moldova | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mongolia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Montserrat | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Morocco | 10% | 2023 | |
| Mozambique | 20% | 2023 | |
 Myanmar (Burma) | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Namibia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nauru | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Nepal | 10% | 2023 | |
| New Zealand | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nicaragua | 15% | 2023 | |
 Niger | 20% | 2023 | |
| Nigeria | 20% | 2023 | |
| North Macedonia | 15% | 2023 | |
| Norway | 0% | 2023 | |
 Oman | 5% | 2023 | |
 Pakistan | 11% | 2023 | |
 Palau | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Palestinian Territories | 4% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Panama | 15% | 2023 | |
 Papua New Guinea | 25% | 2023 | |
 Paraguay | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Peru | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Philippines | 3% | 2023 | |
 Qatar | 5% | 2023 | |
 Russia | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Rwanda | 25% | 2023 | |
 Samoa | 15% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 São Tomé & Príncipe | 20% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
| Saudi Arabia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Senegal | 20% | 2023 | |
 Seychelles | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sierra Leone | 20% | 2023 | |
 Singapore | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Solomon Islands | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Somalia | 25% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| South Africa | 0% | 2023 | |
| South Korea | 30% | 2023 | |
 Sri Lanka | 20% | 2023 | |
 St Kitts & Nevis | 25% | 2023 | |
 St Lucia | 40% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 St Pierre & Miquelon | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 St Vincent & the Grenadines | 40% | 2023 | |
 Sudan | 40% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| Switzerland | 1.5%* | 2023 | |
 Syria | 20% | 2020 · HS 2012 | |
 Tajikistan | 10% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Tanzania | 25% | 2023 | |
 Thailand | 10% | 2023 | |
 Togo | 20% | 2023 | |
 Tonga | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Trinidad & Tobago | 40% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
| Türkiye | 43% | 2023 | |
 Tuvalu | 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Uganda | 25% | 2023 | |
 Ukraine | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 United Arab Emirates | 5% | 2023 | |
| United Kingdom | 2% | 2023 | |
| United States | 0.4%* | 2023 | |
 Uruguay | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Uzbekistan | 20%* | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Vanuatu | 30% | 2023 | |
 Venezuela | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Vietnam | 30% | 2023 | |
 Wallis & Futuna | 4% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Yemen | 10% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
| Zambia | 25% | 2023 | |
| Zimbabwe | 0.4% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. * ad valorem equivalent of specific duties (UNCTAD estimate) · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 05779 Edible nuts (excluding mixtures), fresh/dried, n.e.s., whether/not shelled/peeled
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Consumption goods · BEC 113101
- CPC 2.1 product
- 01379 Other nuts (excluding wild edible nuts and groundnuts), in shell
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 0125 Growing of other tree and bush fruits and nuts
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 0802.61 | unchanged |
| 2012 | 0802.61 | unchanged |
| 2007 | 0802.60 | changed |
| 2002 | 0802.90 | changed |
| 1996 | 0802.90 | changed |
| 1992 | 0802.90 | changed |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
- Tariff change
UK Trade Tariff: measure changes on 64 commodity codes
Trade Tariff changes 2026-08-05 · Source: trade-tariff.service.gov.uk
- Import and export controls
FR Doc. 2026-14542 · 91 FR 45516 · Source: federalregister.gov
- Tariff change · Applies from:
CELEX 32026R1395 · Source: eur-lex.europa.eu
- Tariff change
FR Doc. 2026-11158 · 91 FR 33854 · Source: federalregister.gov
Subheading 0802.61 is a single line in the UK Global Tariff, where the duty is 2%.
The EU Combined Nomenclature has one tariff line for subheading 0802.61; the duty is 2%.
Goods from 169 countries can enter the UK at a preferential rate instead of the standard 2%; 169 of them pay no duty at all, for example under DCTS Comprehensive or European Union.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
In the 12 months to August 2026, the UK imported these goods worth £22.7k (up 132% on the year before), at an average of £2.99 per kg; China supplied 67%, followed by South Africa.
World trade in these goods reached US$310m in 2024, up 22% on 2023.
South Africa was the largest exporter with 43.2% of the total, ahead of Australia.
Products classified here
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for other nuts, fresh or dried, whether or not shelled or peeled: macadamia nuts, in shell?
Other nuts, fresh or dried, whether or not shelled or peeled: macadamia nuts, in shell fall under HS subheading 0802.61, part of heading 0802, in section II of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on other nuts, fresh or dried in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 0802.61 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 2%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on other nuts, fresh or dried in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 0802.61 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 2%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most other nuts, fresh or dried?
South Africa, with US$134m in 2024 (43.2% of world exports).
Which countries can export these goods to the UK duty-free?
169 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of 2% applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Is there anti-dumping duty on these goods?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import these goods from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were China (67%), South Africa (29%) and Lithuania (4%), out of total imports of £22.7k.
Typical products
Everyday names, not part of the legal text.