Subheading · Chapter 12 · Heading 1209
1209.91: Seeds, fruit and spores, of a kind used for sowing: other, vegetable seeds
Vegetable seeds for sowing
Official description Vegetable seeds
1209.91 is the HS subheading for vegetable seeds for sowing, under heading 1209 in chapter 12.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 1209 91 00 00 Vegetable seeds
- 1209 91 30 00 Salad beet seed or beetroot seed (beta vulgaris var. conditiva) 8%
- 1209 91 80 00 Other 2%
- 1209 91 80 10 Seeds 2%
- 1209 91 80 90 Other 2%
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 2
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 376
- Documents
- 9008
- Duty suspensionAutonomous tariff suspension Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- In force
- until 31 December 2026
- Legal act
- 2020 No. 1435
Import requirements 4
- Prohibition or restrictionImport prohibition
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Ukraine
- Legal act
- S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlImport control of organic products
- Applies to goods from
- all countries except Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Cyprus, Czechia, Germany, Denmark, Estonia, Spain, Finland, France, United Kingdom, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Slovenia, Slovakia
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/693
- Import controlPhytosanitary Certificate (import)
- Applies to goods from
- Afghanistan, Åland Islands, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Anguilla and 241 more
- Legal act
- 2020 No. 1527
- Documents
- N851
- 901Y
- C085 Common Health Entry Document for Plants and Plant Products (CHED-PP) (as set out in Part 2, Section C of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))
- Tariff lines
- on 2 of 3 lines
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | 2% – 8% |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code " EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| DCTS Standard | Indonesia | Free – 4.5% |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–Norway agreement | Norway | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
| UK–Tunisia agreement | Tunisia | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 New Zealand | £11.6m | 18.8% | +162% |
 France | £10.2m | 16.5% | -15.4% |
 Netherlands | £8.2m | 13.3% | -4.4% |
 Chile | £6.1m | 9.9% | -5.3% |
 United States | £6m | 9.7% | -25.6% |
 Italy | £4.9m | 8% | +14.4% |
 Denmark | £4.1m | 6.6% | +22.2% |
 Australia | £1.7m | 2.7% | +22.8% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
EU 3% – 8.3% Third-country duty 2 tariff lines · average 5.7% 
Türkiye 19.3% Third-country duty 16 tariff lines USA Free General (MFN) 6 tariff lines · 3× specific or compound duty 
Canada Free – 5.5% Third-country duty 17 tariff lines · average 0.3% 
Mexico Free Third-country duty 13 tariff lines 
Brazil Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Argentina Free Third-country duty 16 tariff lines 
Peru Free Third-country duty 6 tariff lines New Zealand Free Third-country duty 14 tariff lines 
Japan Free Third-country duty 2 tariff lines 
Taiwan Free Third-country duty 7 tariff lines 
GCC Free Third-country duty 12 tariff lines 
Switzerland Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Norway Free Third-country duty 3 tariff lines 
North Macedonia Free Third-country duty 2 tariff lines 
Nigeria 5% Third-country duty 1 tariff line World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$405kUS$405k+US$10m+US$74m+> US$298m
Exports: 160
- Netherlands: US$1bn
- France: US$576m
- United States: US$574m
- China: US$323m
- Chile: US$298m
- Thailand: US$229m
- India: US$220m
- Italy: US$213m
- Peru: US$153m
- Spain: US$131m
- South Africa: US$123m
- New Zealand: US$121m
- Israel: US$110m
- Denmark: US$76m
- Germany: US$74m
- Argentina: US$74m
- Australia: US$69m
- Japan: US$64m
- Mexico: US$62m
- Tanzania: US$45m
- South Korea: US$44m
- Türkiye: US$39m
- Vietnam: US$36m
- Kenya: US$31m
- Guatemala: US$31m
- Brazil: US$24m
- Hungary: US$21m
- United Kingdom: US$21m
- Canada: US$18m
- Poland: US$16m
- Taiwan: US$15m
- Bulgaria: US$15m
- Latvia: US$14m
- Philippines: US$12m
- Belgium: US$12m
- Czechia: US$10m
- Morocco: US$10m
- Ukraine: US$10m
- Austria: US$9m
- Jordan: US$9m
- Lithuania: US$8m
- Portugal: US$8m
- Kazakhstan: US$8m
- Sweden: US$8m
- Ethiopia: US$8m
- Egypt: US$5m
- Indonesia: US$5m
- Greece: US$5m
- United Arab Emirates: US$4m
- Myanmar (Burma): US$4m
- Switzerland: US$3m
- Zambia: US$3m
- Slovenia: US$2m
- Serbia: US$2m
- Romania: US$2m
- Iceland: US$2m
- Russia: US$2m
- Uganda: US$2m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$2m
- Croatia: US$1m
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$4mUS$4m+US$20m+US$54m+> US$238m
Imports: 208
- Netherlands: US$577m
- Mexico: US$504m
- United States: US$386m
- Spain: US$377m
- Italy: US$310m
- France: US$260m
- Canada: US$238m
- China: US$162m
- Japan: US$141m
- Germany: US$120m
- Morocco: US$117m
- India: US$102m
- Brazil: US$99m
- Poland: US$87m
- Iran: US$74m
- Türkiye: US$72m
- South Korea: US$65m
- United Kingdom: US$64m
- Australia: US$60m
- Russia: US$58m
- Belgium: US$54m
- South Africa: US$48m
- Portugal: US$46m
- Egypt: US$45m
- Israel: US$42m
- Argentina: US$40m
- Greece: US$39m
- Algeria: US$38m
- Chile: US$37m
- Philippines: US$36m
- Saudi Arabia: US$35m
- Pakistan: US$32m
- Belarus: US$32m
- Kazakhstan: US$32m
- Romania: US$31m
- Peru: US$31m
- Hungary: US$29m
- Ukraine: US$28m
- Bangladesh: US$28m
- Jordan: US$27m
- Iraq: US$27m
- Colombia: US$27m
- Denmark: US$26m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$25m
- Austria: US$24m
- Kenya: US$23m
- United Arab Emirates: US$23m
- Vietnam: US$22m
- Dominican Republic: US$22m
- Thailand: US$21m
- Tunisia: US$21m
- Senegal: US$20m
- Uganda: US$20m
- Lebanon: US$19m
- Uzbekistan: US$19m
- Ecuador: US$18m
- Czechia: US$17m
- Switzerland: US$17m
- Azerbaijan: US$17m
- Finland: US$16m
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Netherlands | US$1bn | 26.6% |
| 2 | France | US$576m | 10.5% |
| 3 | United States | US$574m | 10.4% |
| 4 |  China | US$323m | 5.9% |
| 5 | Chile | US$298m | 5.4% |
| 6 |  Thailand | US$229m | 4.2% |
| 7 |  India | US$220m | 4% |
| 8 | Italy | US$213m | 3.9% |
| 9 | Peru | US$153m | 2.8% |
| 10 |  Spain | US$131m | 2.4% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Netherlands | US$577m | 10.5% |
| 2 | Mexico | US$504m | 9.2% |
| 3 | United States | US$386m | 7% |
| 4 | Spain | US$377m | 6.9% |
| 5 | Italy | US$310m | 5.6% |
| 6 | France | US$260m | 4.7% |
| 7 | Canada | US$238m | 4.3% |
| 8 | China | US$162m | 3% |
| 9 | Japan | US$141m | 2.6% |
| 10 |  Germany | US$120m | 2.2% |
Import duty on this product around the world 164
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 0%median duty
- 99number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 109%highest: Thailand, Comoros, Türkiye
164
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan | 2.5% | 2018 · HS 2012 | |
 Albania | 2% | 2023 | |
 Algeria | 5% | 2023 | |
 Angola | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Anguilla | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Antigua & Barbuda | 0% | 2021 · HS 2007 | |
| Argentina | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Armenia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Aruba | 0% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
| Australia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Azerbaijan | 2.5% | 0% – 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 Bahamas | 0% | 2022 | |
 Bahrain | 0% | 2023 | |
 Bangladesh | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Barbados | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Belarus | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Belize | 0% | 2023 | |
 Benin | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bermuda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Bhutan | 0% | 2022 | |
 Bolivia | 9.2% | 5% – 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 Bosnia & Herzegovina | 0% | 2022 | |
 Botswana | 0% | 2023 | |
| Brazil | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Brunei | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Burkina Faso | 5% | 2023 | |
 Burundi | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cambodia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cameroon | 5% | 2023 | |
| Canada | 2.8% | 0% – 5.5% | 2023 |
 Cape Verde | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cayman Islands | 0% | 2021 · HS 2002 | |
 Central African Republic | 5% | 2023 | |
 Chad | 5% | 2023 | |
| Chile | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Colombia | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Comoros | 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Congo - Brazzaville | 5% | 2023 | |
 Cook Islands | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Costa Rica | 0% | 2023 | |
 Côte d’Ivoire | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cuba | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominica | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominican Republic | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ecuador | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Egypt | 0% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 El Salvador | 0% | 2022 | |
 Equatorial Guinea | 5% | 2023 | |
 Eswatini | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ethiopia | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| European Union (27 countries) | 5.7% | 3% – 8.3% | 2023 |
 Fiji | 0% | 2023 | |
 French Polynesia | 8% | 2023 | |
 Gabon | 5% | 2023 | |
 Gambia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Georgia | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Ghana | 5% | 2023 | |
 Gibraltar | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Grenada | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Guatemala | 0% | 2023 | |
 Guinea | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guinea-Bissau | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guyana | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Haiti | 0% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Honduras | 0% | 2023 | |
 Hong Kong SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iceland | 0% | 2023 | |
| India | 5% | 2023 | |
 Indonesia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iran | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Israel | 4% | 0% – 12% | 2022 · HS 2017 |
 Jamaica | 0% | 2023 | |
| Japan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Jordan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kazakhstan | 5% | 2023 | |
 Kenya | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kiribati | 0% | 2023 · HS 2002 | |
 Kuwait | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kyrgyzstan | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Laos | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Lebanon | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Lesotho | 0% | 2023 | |
 Liberia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Libya | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Liechtenstein | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Macao SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Madagascar | 0% | 2023 | |
 Malawi | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Malaysia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Maldives | 0% | 2023 | |
 Mali | 5% | 2023 | |
 Mauritania | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mauritius | 0% | 2023 | |
| Mexico | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Micronesia | 4% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Moldova | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mongolia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Montserrat | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Morocco | 2.5% | 2023 | |
 Mozambique | 0% | 2023 | |
 Myanmar (Burma) | 3% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Namibia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nauru | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Nepal | 10% | 2023 | |
| New Zealand | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nicaragua | 0% | 2023 | |
 Niger | 5% | 2023 | |
| Nigeria | 5% | 2023 | |
| North Macedonia | 0% | 2023 | |
| Norway | 0% | 2023 | |
 Oman | 0% | 2023 | |
 Pakistan | 3% | 2023 | |
 Palau | 3% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Palestinian Territories | 4% | 0% – 12% | 2017 · HS 2017 |
 Panama | 0% | 2023 | |
 Papua New Guinea | 0% | 2023 | |
 Paraguay | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Peru | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Philippines | 1% | 2023 | |
 Qatar | 0% | 2023 | |
 Russia | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Rwanda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Samoa | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 São Tomé & Príncipe | 5% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 Saudi Arabia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Senegal | 5% | 2023 | |
 Seychelles | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sierra Leone | 5% | 2023 | |
 Singapore | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Solomon Islands | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 South Africa | 0% | 2023 | |
 South Korea | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sri Lanka | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Kitts & Nevis | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Lucia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 St Pierre & Miquelon | 3% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 St Vincent & the Grenadines | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sudan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Suriname | 0% | 2023 · HS 2007 | |
| Switzerland | 0% | 2023 | |
 Syria | 1% | 2020 · HS 2012 | |
 Tajikistan | 5% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Tanzania | 0% | 2023 | |
| Thailand | 109% | 0% – 218% | 2023 |
 Togo | 5% | 2023 | |
 Tonga | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Trinidad & Tobago | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
| Türkiye | 19% | 2023 | |
 Tuvalu | 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Uganda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ukraine | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 United Arab Emirates | 0% | 2023 | |
| United Kingdom | 4% | 2% – 8% | 2023 |
| United States | 0% | 2023 | |
 Uruguay | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Uzbekistan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Vanuatu | 5% | 2023 | |
 Venezuela | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Vietnam | 0% | 2023 | |
 Wallis & Futuna | 4% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Yemen | 5% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Zambia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Zimbabwe | 0.1% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 29254 Other vegetable seeds of a kind used for sowing
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Intermediate goods · BEC 1111
- CPC 2.1 product
- 01260 Vegetable seeds, except beet seeds
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 0113 Growing of vegetables and melons, roots and tubers
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 1209.91 | unchanged |
| 2012 | 1209.91 | unchanged |
| 2007 | 1209.91 | unchanged |
| 2002 | 1209.91 | unchanged |
| 1996 | 1209.91 | unchanged |
| 1992 | 1209.91 | unchanged |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Binding rulings for similar goods 3
Decisions of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CROSS) and HMRC (Advance Tariff Rulings) on goods classified here. A ruling binds only its holder, but shows how the authorities classify similar goods. The descriptions are the authorities’ own, in English.
- N301527 U.S. CBP
The tariff classification of a “Seed Pod Growing Kit” from the Netherlands
- N281089 U.S. CBP
The tariff classification of Seed Pods from Poland
- 600009184 HMRC
The product is a grow your own Garden Cress set. It consists of a polypropylene plastic flowerpot, a soil disc made of bamboo powder, coconut fibre, corn starch, water and garden cress seeds (Lepidum sativum). They are then packaged in a paper bag package.
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
- Quota · Applies from:
CELEX 32026R1455 · Source: eur-lex.europa.eu
- Tariff change · Applies from:
CELEX 32026R1395 · Source: eur-lex.europa.eu
The UK Global Tariff divides subheading 1209.91 into 3 tariff lines; the duty is between 2% and 8% (average 4%).
In the EU Combined Nomenclature, subheading 1209.91 covers 2 tariff lines and the duty is between 3% and 8.3%.
168 countries pay no duty in the UK thanks to trade agreements and preference schemes such as DCTS Comprehensive and European Union, against a standard rate of 2% – 8%.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
Imports of vegetable seeds for sowing into the UK came to £61.7m between September 2025 and August 2026 (up 7% on the year before); New Zealand supplied 19%, followed by France.
In 2024, countries exported vegetable seeds for sowing worth US$5bn (+9.2% year on year).
The largest exporter was the Netherlands (US$1bn), followed by France.
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for seeds, fruit and spores, of a kind used for sowing: other, vegetable seeds?
Seeds, fruit and spores, of a kind used for sowing: other, vegetable seeds fall under HS subheading 1209.91, part of heading 1209, in section II of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on seeds, fruit and spores in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 1209.91 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 2% to 8%, depending on the line. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on seeds, fruit and spores in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 1209.91 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 3% to 8.3%, depending on the line. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most seeds, fruit and spores?
The Netherlands, with US$1bn in 2024 (26.6% of world exports).
Which countries can export vegetable seeds for sowing to the UK duty-free?
168 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of 2% – 8% applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Is there anti-dumping duty on vegetable seeds for sowing?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import vegetable seeds for sowing from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were New Zealand (19%), France (17%) and Netherlands (13%), out of total imports of £61.7m.