Subheading · Chapter 29 · Heading 2918
2918.19: Carboxylic acids with alcohol function but without other: other
Other alcohol-function carboxylic acids
Official description Other
2918.19 is the HS subheading for other alcohol-function carboxylic acids, under heading 2918 in chapter 29.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 2918 19 00 00 Other
- 2918 19 30 00 Cholic acid, 3-α,12-α-dihydroxy-5-β-cholan-24-oic acid (deoxycholic acid), their salts and esters 6%
- 2918 19 30 10 Cholic acid (cas rn 81-25-4) 6%
- 2918 19 30 20 3-α,12-α-dihydroxy-5-β-cholan-24-oic acid (deoxycholic acid) (cas rn 83-44-3) 6%
- 2918 19 30 90 Other 6%
- 2918 19 40 00 2.2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid Free
- 2918 19 98 00 Other
- 2918 19 98 20 L-malic acid (cas rn 97-67-6) 6%
- 2918 19 98 25 (s)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (cas rn 17199-29-0) with a purity by weight of 99% or more 6%
- 2918 19 98 30 Ethyl 1-hydroxycyclopentanecarboxylate (cas rn 41248-23-1) 6%
- 2918 19 98 50 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (cas rn 106-14-9) with a purity by weight of 90% or more for use in the manufacture of polyglycerin-poly-12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid esters 6%
- 2918 19 98 60 (r)-tert-butyl 2'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-[1.1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylate (cas rn 1246560-92-8) with a purity by weight of 98% or more 6%
- 2918 19 98 70 Rac-tert-butyl 3-hydroxy-4-pentenoate (cas rn 122763-67-1) with a purity by weight of 98% or more 6%
- 2918 19 98 90 Other Free
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 4
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 833
- Documents
- 9018
- Duty suspensionAutonomous tariff suspension Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- In force
- until 31 December 2028
- Legal act
- 2020 No. 1435
- Documents
- 9Y12
- Tariff lines
- on 5 of 11 lines
- Duty suspensionSuspension - goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- 2020 No. 1431
- Documents
- C990 End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)
- Duty suspensionAutonomous suspension under end-use Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- In force
- until 31 December 2028
- Legal act
- 2020 No. 1435
- Documents
- N990 EUS - Authorisation for the use of end use procedure (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)
- Tariff lines
- on 1 of 11 lines
Import requirements 2
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Ukraine
- Legal act
- S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlImport control on restricted goods and technologies
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Documents
- Y920 Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure
- Tariff lines
- on 7 of 11 lines
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | Free – 6% |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code "EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Andorra agreement | Andorra | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Switzerland agreement | Switzerland | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Faroe Islands agreement | Faroe Islands | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| DCTS Standard | Indonesia | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Liechtenstein agreement | Liechtenstein | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–Norway agreement | Norway | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Tunisia agreement | Tunisia | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| £13.9m | 42.2% | +62.6% | |
| £5.3m | 16.2% | -37.7% | |
| £3m | 9.1% | -56.5% | |
| £1.7m | 5.3% | -34.3% | |
| £1.4m | 4.2% | +118.2% | |
| £1.2m | 3.6% | +108.8% | |
| £1.1m | 3.5% | -6.4% | |
| £1m | 3.1% | -21.1% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$122kUS$122k+US$4m+US$43m+> US$160m
Exports: 98
- China: US$293m
- Italy: US$200m
- India: US$160m
- Japan: US$100m
- United States: US$66m
- Germany: US$61m
- Czechia: US$58m
- Brazil: US$50m
- South Korea: US$48m
- Canada: US$43m
- New Zealand: US$40m
- Hungary: US$25m
- Netherlands: US$23m
- France: US$16m
- South Africa: US$14m
- Israel: US$12m
- Spain: US$12m
- Ireland: US$11m
- Belgium: US$7m
- Taiwan: US$7m
- Austria: US$5m
- Slovakia: US$5m
- United Kingdom: US$4m
- Bulgaria: US$3m
- Switzerland: US$3m
- Poland: US$3m
- Thailand: US$2m
- Singapore: US$1m
- Denmark: US$1m
- Sweden: US$1m
- Kazakhstan: US$733k
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$621k
- Türkiye: US$607k
- Slovenia: US$560k
- Ukraine: US$491k
- United Arab Emirates: US$463k
- Uruguay: US$358k
- Malaysia: US$338k
- Saudi Arabia: US$300k
- Australia: US$293k
- Colombia: US$217k
- Chile: US$211k
- Vietnam: US$204k
- Sierra Leone: US$163k
- Lithuania: US$139k
- Guatemala: US$122k
- Latvia: US$101k
- Indonesia: US$93k
- Peru: US$82k
- Portugal: US$70k
- Costa Rica: US$63k
- Serbia: US$61k
- Romania: US$59k
- Croatia: US$48k
- Malta: US$37k
- Panama: US$35k
- Russia: US$34k
- Armenia: US$33k
- Egypt: US$31k
- Finland: US$29k
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$219kUS$219k+US$3m+US$19m+> US$106m
Imports: 167
- Germany: US$138m
- South Korea: US$117m
- Italy: US$113m
- United States: US$111m
- India: US$106m
- Japan: US$80m
- Russia: US$69m
- Spain: US$47m
- United Kingdom: US$44m
- Czechia: US$40m
- France: US$39m
- Netherlands: US$34m
- China: US$33m
- Ireland: US$25m
- Brazil: US$23m
- Canada: US$22m
- Mexico: US$19m
- Türkiye: US$16m
- Belgium: US$16m
- Austria: US$11m
- Indonesia: US$11m
- Argentina: US$11m
- Thailand: US$11m
- Switzerland: US$11m
- Taiwan: US$10m
- Poland: US$9m
- Singapore: US$8m
- Egypt: US$8m
- Slovakia: US$7m
- Vietnam: US$5m
- Sweden: US$5m
- Saudi Arabia: US$5m
- Malaysia: US$5m
- Ukraine: US$5m
- Romania: US$4m
- Australia: US$4m
- Bangladesh: US$4m
- Colombia: US$4m
- Israel: US$4m
- United Arab Emirates: US$3m
- Latvia: US$3m
- South Africa: US$3m
- Pakistan: US$3m
- Slovenia: US$2m
- Hungary: US$2m
- Kazakhstan: US$2m
- Iran: US$2m
- Eswatini: US$2m
- Chile: US$2m
- Denmark: US$1m
- Philippines: US$1m
- Uruguay: US$1m
- Finland: US$1m
- Ecuador: US$1m
- Iraq: US$1m
- Greece: US$987k
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$938k
- Guatemala: US$929k
- Peru: US$887k
- Nigeria: US$755k
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | US$293m | 22.8% | |
| 2 | US$200m | 15.6% | |
| 3 | US$160m | 12.5% | |
| 4 | US$100m | 7.8% | |
| 5 | US$66m | 5.2% | |
| 6 | US$61m | 4.8% | |
| 7 | US$58m | 4.5% | |
| 8 | US$50m | 3.9% | |
| 9 | US$48m | 3.7% | |
| 10 | US$43m | 3.3% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | US$138m | 10.8% | |
| 2 | US$117m | 9.1% | |
| 3 | US$113m | 8.8% | |
| 4 | US$111m | 8.6% | |
| 5 | US$106m | 8.3% | |
| 6 | US$80m | 6.2% | |
| 7 | US$69m | 5.4% | |
| 8 | US$47m | 3.6% | |
| 9 | US$44m | 3.4% | |
| 10 | US$40m | 3.1% |
Import duty on this product around the world 165
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 5%median duty
- 53number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 45%highest: Bahamas, Bermuda, Cayman Islands
165
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5% | 2018 · HS 2012 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 15% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2021 · HS 2007 | ||
| 4.5% | 2% – 12% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 6% | 2021 · HS 2012 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 45% | 2022 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 7.5% | 5% – 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 5% | 2022 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 25% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2022 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2022 | ||
| 5% | 0% – 10% | 2023 | |
| 3.3% | 2% – 12% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 22% | 2021 · HS 2002 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 6.5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 7.5% | 5% – 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 2% | 2019 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2022 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 0% – 10% | 2023 | |
| 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 4.3% | 0% – 6.5% | 2023 | |
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 8% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 12% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2020 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 7.5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 1% | 0% – 2% | 2023 | |
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 · HS 2002 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 0% – 10% | 2023 | |
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 15% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 2.5% | 0% – 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 4% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 6.5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 2.5% | 2023 | ||
| 2.5% | 2023 | ||
| 3% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 0% – 10% | 2023 | |
| 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 3% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 3% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 4.5% | 2% – 12% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 1% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 8% | 2020 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2019 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 0% – 10% | 2023 | |
| 6.5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 8% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 3% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2007 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 1% | 2020 · HS 2012 | ||
| 0% | 2021 · HS 2012 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 5.5% | 0% – 6.5% | 2023 | |
| 15% | 2017 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 1.7% | 0% – 6.5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 4.8% | 0% – 6% | 2023 | |
| 4.8% | 0% – 6.5% | 2023 | |
| 3.3% | 2% – 12% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 4.5% | 2% – 12% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 6% | 2021 · HS 2012 | ||
| 5% | 2017 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0.1% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 51392 Other carboxylic acids with alcohol function but without other oxygen function, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids & their derivatives.
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Intermediate goods · BEC 211220
- CPC 2.1 product
- 34140 Carboxylic acids and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives, except salicylic acid and its salts and esters and their salts
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 2011 Manufacture of basic chemicals
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 2918.19 | unchanged |
| 2012 | 2918.19 | changed |
| 2007 | 2918.19 | changed |
| 2002 | 2918.19 | changed |
| 1996 | 2918.17, 2918.19 | changed |
| 1992 | 2918.17, 2918.19 | changed |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Binding rulings for similar goods 2
Decisions of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CROSS) and HMRC (Advance Tariff Rulings) on goods classified here. A ruling binds only its holder, but shows how the authorities classify similar goods. The descriptions are the authorities’ own, in English.
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
-
FR Doc. 2026-19498 · 91 FR 60360 · Source: federalregister.gov
-
FR Doc. 2026-14542 · 91 FR 45516 · Source: federalregister.gov
-
FR Doc. 2026-11158 · 91 FR 33854 · Source: federalregister.gov
The UK Global Tariff divides subheading 2918.19 into 11 tariff lines; the duty is between 0% and 6% (average 4.9%). 2 of them are duty-free.
In the EU Combined Nomenclature, subheading 2918.19 covers 3 tariff lines and the duty is between 0% and 6.5%. 1 of them is duty-free.
174 countries pay no duty in the UK thanks to trade agreements and preference schemes such as DCTS Comprehensive and European Union, against a standard rate of Free – 6%.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
Imports of other alcohol-function carboxylic acids into the UK came to £33m between September 2025 and August 2026 (down 5% on the year before); China supplied 42%, followed by France.
In 2024, countries exported other alcohol-function carboxylic acids worth US$1.3bn (−1.4% year on year).
The largest exporter was China (US$293m), followed by Italy.
Products classified here
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for carboxylic acids with alcohol function but without other: other?
Carboxylic acids with alcohol function but without other: other fall under HS subheading 2918.19, part of heading 2918, in section VI of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on carboxylic acids with alcohol function but… in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 2918.19 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 0% to 6%, depending on the line. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on carboxylic acids with alcohol function but… in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 2918.19 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 0% to 6.5%, depending on the line. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most carboxylic acids with alcohol function but…?
China, with US$293m in 2024 (22.8% of world exports).
Which countries can export other alcohol-function carboxylic acids to the UK duty-free?
174 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of Free – 6% applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Is there anti-dumping duty on other alcohol-function carboxylic acids?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import other alcohol-function carboxylic acids from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were China (42%), France (16%) and India (9%), out of total imports of £33m.
Typical products
Everyday names, not part of the legal text.