Subheading · Chapter 54 · Heading 5402
5402.45: Other, of nylon or other polyamides
Subheading 5402.45 belongs to heading 5402 (synthetic filament yarn) in chapter 54.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 5402 45 00 00 Other, of nylon or other polyamides Free
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 2
- Duty suspensionSuspension - goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- 2020 No. 1431
- Documents
- C990 End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)
- Duty suspensionAirworthiness tariff suspension Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- S.I. 2018/1249
- Documents
- C119 Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1 (Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012), or equivalent certificate
Import requirements 4
- Prohibition or restrictionImport prohibition
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Russia, Ukraine
- Legal act
- 2023 No. 440, S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9011
- 9022
- 9038
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Documents
- Y084 Derogation from import prohibition by virtue of Article 16i (1) of Council Regulation (EU) 2017/1509
- Import controlImport control on restricted goods and technologies
- Applies to goods from
- Iran
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/461
- Documents
- Y966 Goods other than those described in the MG footnotes linked to the measure (Missile Technology Control Regime list - Annex III of Reg. (EU) 267/2012)
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | Free |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code "EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Andorra agreement | Andorra | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Switzerland agreement | Switzerland | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Faroe Islands agreement | Faroe Islands | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| DCTS Standard | Indonesia | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Liechtenstein agreement | Liechtenstein | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–Norway agreement | Norway | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Tunisia agreement | Tunisia | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 United States | £2.3m | 41.5% | +1.3% |
 Italy | £1.3m | 24.4% | -3.1% |
 Spain | £500k | 9.2% | +13.7% |
 Switzerland | £414k | 7.6% | +88.6% |
 China | £259k | 4.8% | -46.6% |
 Vietnam | £204k | 3.7% | -5.6% |
 South Korea | £139k | 2.6% | +257% |
 Slovenia | £139k | 2.6% | +99.5% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
EU 4% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Türkiye 4% Third-country duty 1 tariff line USA Free – 8% General (MFN) 2 tariff lines · average 4% 
Canada Free General (MFN) 2 tariff lines 
Mexico 5% – 30% General (MFN) 5 tariff lines · average 10% 
Brazil Free – 18% General (MFN) 3 tariff lines · average 12% 
Argentina Free – 16% General (MFN) 8 tariff lines · average 14% 
Peru Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
New Zealand Free General (MFN) 3 tariff lines 
Japan 2.7% – 5.3% General (MFN) 4 tariff lines · average 4.3% 
Taiwan 1.5% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
GCC 5% General (MFN) 1 tariff line Switzerland Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Norway Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
North Macedonia Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Nigeria 10% General (MFN) 1 tariff line World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$554kUS$554k+US$7m+US$49m+> US$104m
Exports: 74
- China: US$300m
- Vietnam: US$135m
- Italy: US$104m
- Taiwan: US$82m
- Israel: US$64m
- United States: US$56m
- Slovenia: US$49m
- Spain: US$36m
- Estonia: US$28m
- South Korea: US$19m
- Mexico: US$19m
- Indonesia: US$14m
- Japan: US$14m
- Romania: US$13m
- Switzerland: US$10m
- Thailand: US$8m
- Poland: US$8m
- Germany: US$7m
- France: US$5m
- Belgium: US$5m
- India: US$4m
- United Kingdom: US$3m
- Türkiye: US$2m
- Brazil: US$2m
- Malaysia: US$2m
- Netherlands: US$2m
- Australia: US$1m
- Pakistan: US$1m
- Sierra Leone: US$972k
- Croatia: US$919k
- Nicaragua: US$830k
- Portugal: US$784k
- Austria: US$711k
- Sri Lanka: US$598k
- Colombia: US$554k
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$549k
- Canada: US$347k
- Luxembourg: US$336k
- Bangladesh: US$305k
- Hungary: US$230k
- Russia: US$226k
- Denmark: US$189k
- Serbia: US$176k
- Saudi Arabia: US$150k
- Czechia: US$141k
- Singapore: US$75k
- Lithuania: US$37k
- Belarus: US$30k
- Ireland: US$28k
- Bulgaria: US$25k
- Slovakia: US$22k
- Peru: US$22k
- Egypt: US$21k
- Malta: US$17k
- Latvia: US$11k
- Sweden: US$8k
- El Salvador: US$7k
- Ukraine: US$5k
- Georgia: US$5k
- Uzbekistan: US$2k
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$243kUS$243k+US$4m+US$24m+> US$68m
Imports: 137
- South Korea: US$107m
- India: US$80m
- Vietnam: US$72m
- Italy: US$71m
- Brazil: US$68m
- China: US$66m
- Türkiye: US$58m
- Japan: US$41m
- France: US$35m
- Germany: US$33m
- Sri Lanka: US$33m
- Sweden: US$30m
- United States: US$29m
- Belgium: US$24m
- Romania: US$22m
- Thailand: US$21m
- Indonesia: US$17m
- Croatia: US$17m
- Colombia: US$15m
- Poland: US$15m
- Serbia: US$14m
- Bangladesh: US$12m
- Mexico: US$10m
- Taiwan: US$9m
- United Kingdom: US$8m
- Spain: US$8m
- Portugal: US$7m
- Pakistan: US$6m
- Belarus: US$5m
- Canada: US$5m
- Hungary: US$5m
- Estonia: US$5m
- Finland: US$5m
- Slovenia: US$4m
- Austria: US$4m
- Argentina: US$4m
- Netherlands: US$4m
- Egypt: US$3m
- Djibouti: US$3m
- Latvia: US$3m
- South Africa: US$2m
- Switzerland: US$2m
- Morocco: US$2m
- Czechia: US$1m
- New Zealand: US$1m
- Guatemala: US$1m
- Philippines: US$1m
- El Salvador: US$1m
- Russia: US$980k
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$974k
- Ukraine: US$796k
- Denmark: US$722k
- Ecuador: US$718k
- Slovakia: US$691k
- Peru: US$674k
- Greece: US$558k
- Kenya: US$501k
- Uzbekistan: US$478k
- Lebanon: US$405k
- Iran: US$393k
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | US$300m | 30% |
| 2 | Vietnam | US$135m | 13.5% |
| 3 | Italy | US$104m | 10.4% |
| 4 | Taiwan | US$82m | 8.2% |
| 5 |  Israel | US$64m | 6.4% |
| 6 | United States | US$56m | 5.6% |
| 7 | Slovenia | US$49m | 4.9% |
| 8 | Spain | US$36m | 3.6% |
| 9 |  Estonia | US$28m | 2.8% |
| 10 | South Korea | US$19m | 1.9% |
Import duty on this product around the world 163
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 5%median duty
- 52number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 45%highest: Bahamas, Comoros, Anguilla
163
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan | 2.5% | 2018 · HS 2012 | |
 Albania | 0% | 2023 | |
 Algeria | 5% | 2023 | |
 Angola | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Anguilla | 15% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Antigua & Barbuda | 5% | 2021 · HS 2007 | |
| Argentina | 13% | 2% – 18% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 Armenia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Aruba | 12% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Australia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Azerbaijan | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bahamas | 45% | 2022 | |
 Bahrain | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bangladesh | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Barbados | 5% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Belarus | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Belize | 5% | 2023 | |
 Benin | 10% | 2023 | |
 Bermuda | 6.5% | 2023 | |
 Bhutan | 10% | 2022 | |
 Bolivia | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bosnia & Herzegovina | 10% | 2022 | |
 Botswana | 0% | 2023 | |
| Brazil | 13% | 2% – 18% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 Brunei | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Burkina Faso | 10% | 2023 | |
 Burundi | 10% | 2023 | |
 Cambodia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cameroon | 10% | 2023 | |
| Canada | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cape Verde | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Central African Republic | 10% | 2023 | |
 Chad | 10% | 2023 | |
 Chile | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| China | 5% | 2023 | |
 Colombia | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Comoros | 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Congo - Brazzaville | 10% | 2023 | |
 Cook Islands | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Costa Rica | 0% | 2023 | |
 Côte d’Ivoire | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cuba | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominica | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominican Republic | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ecuador | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Egypt | 2.5% | 0% – 5% | 2019 · HS 2017 |
 El Salvador | 0% | 2022 | |
 Equatorial Guinea | 10% | 2023 | |
 Eswatini | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ethiopia | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| European Union (27 countries) | 4% | 2023 | |
 Fiji | 0% | 2023 | |
 French Polynesia | 13% | 2023 | |
 Gabon | 10% | 2023 | |
 Gambia | 10% | 2023 | |
 Georgia | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Ghana | 10% | 2023 | |
 Gibraltar | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Grenada | 5% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Guatemala | 0% | 2023 | |
 Guinea | 10% | 2023 | |
 Guinea-Bissau | 10% | 2023 | |
 Guyana | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Haiti | 0% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Honduras | 0% | 2023 | |
 Hong Kong SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iceland | 0% | 2023 | |
 India | 5% | 2023 | |
 Indonesia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Iran | 15% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
| Israel | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Jamaica | 0% | 2023 | |
| Japan | 4.3% | 2.7% – 5.3% | 2023 |
 Jordan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kazakhstan | 5% | 2023 | |
 Kenya | 10% | 2023 | |
 Kuwait | 5% | 2023 | |
 Kyrgyzstan | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Laos | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Lebanon | 0% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Lesotho | 0% | 2023 | |
 Liberia | 10% | 2023 | |
 Libya | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Liechtenstein | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Macao SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Madagascar | 10% | 2023 | |
 Malawi | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Malaysia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Maldives | 0% | 2023 | |
 Mali | 10% | 2023 | |
 Mauritania | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mauritius | 0% | 2023 | |
| Mexico | 2.5% | 0% – 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 Micronesia | 4% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Moldova | 4% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mongolia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Montserrat | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Morocco | 2.5% | 2023 | |
 Mozambique | 7.5% | 2023 | |
 Myanmar (Burma) | 3% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Namibia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nauru | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Nepal | 5% | 2023 | |
| New Zealand | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nicaragua | 0% | 2023 | |
 Niger | 10% | 2023 | |
| Nigeria | 10% | 2023 | |
| North Macedonia | 0% | 2023 | |
| Norway | 0% | 2023 | |
 Oman | 5% | 2023 | |
 Pakistan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Palau | 3% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Palestinian Territories | 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Panama | 0% | 2023 | |
 Papua New Guinea | 0% | 2023 | |
 Paraguay | 11% | 2% – 16% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
| Peru | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Philippines | 5% | 2023 | |
 Qatar | 5% | 2023 | |
 Russia | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Rwanda | 10% | 2023 | |
 Samoa | 8% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 São Tomé & Príncipe | 10% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 Saudi Arabia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Senegal | 10% | 2023 | |
 Seychelles | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sierra Leone | 10% | 2023 | |
 Singapore | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Solomon Islands | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Somalia | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 South Africa | 0% | 2023 | |
| South Korea | 8% | 2023 | |
 Sri Lanka | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Kitts & Nevis | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Lucia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 St Pierre & Miquelon | 7% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 St Vincent & the Grenadines | 5% | 2023 | |
 Sudan | 3% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Suriname | 5% | 2023 · HS 2007 | |
| Switzerland | 0% | 2023 | |
 Syria | 5% | 2020 · HS 2012 | |
 Tajikistan | 5% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Tanzania | 10% | 2023 | |
 Thailand | 5% | 2023 | |
 Togo | 10% | 2023 | |
 Tonga | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Trinidad & Tobago | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
| Türkiye | 9% | 2023 | |
 Tuvalu | 15% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Uganda | 10% | 2023 | |
 Ukraine | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 United Arab Emirates | 5% | 2023 | |
| United Kingdom | 0% | 2023 | |
| United States | 4% | 0% – 8% | 2023 |
 Uruguay | 11% | 2% – 16% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 Uzbekistan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Vanuatu | 5% | 2023 | |
 Venezuela | 13% | 2% – 18% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
| Vietnam | 0% | 2023 | |
 Wallis & Futuna | 6% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Yemen | 5% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Zambia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Zimbabwe | 0.1% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 65163 Other synthetic yarn, single, untwisted/with a twist not > 50 turns per metre, not put up for retail sale
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Intermediate goods · BEC 411220
- CPC 2.1 product
- 35520 Synthetic filament yarn (except sewing thread and multiple or cabled yarn), not put up for retail sale
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 2030 Manufacture of man-made fibres
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 5402.45 | unchanged |
| 2012 | 5402.45 | unchanged |
| 2007 | 5402.45 | unchanged |
| 2002 | 5402.41 | changed |
| 1996 | 5402.41 | changed |
| 1992 | 5402.41 | changed |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Binding rulings for similar goods 1
Decisions of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CROSS) and HMRC (Advance Tariff Rulings) on goods classified here. A ruling binds only its holder, but shows how the authorities classify similar goods. The descriptions are the authorities’ own, in English.
- N322871 U.S. CBP
The tariff classification of monofilament nylon yarn from Italy
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
- Anti-dumping · Applies from:
CELEX 32026R1823 · Source: eur-lex.europa.eu
- Anti-dumping · Applies from:
CELEX 32026R0734 · Source: eur-lex.europa.eu
The UK Global Tariff has one tariff line for subheading 5402.45; the duty is duty-free.
Subheading 5402.45 is a single line in the EU Combined Nomenclature, where the duty is 4%.
174 countries pay no duty in the UK thanks to trade agreements and preference schemes such as DCTS Comprehensive and European Union, against a standard rate of Free.
Imports of these goods into the UK came to £5.4m between September 2025 and August 2026 (up 3% on the year before); United States supplied 42%, followed by Italy.
In 2024, countries exported these goods worth US$1bn (+7% year on year).
The largest exporter was China (US$300m), followed by Vietnam.
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for other, of nylon or other polyamides?
Other, of nylon or other polyamides fall under HS subheading 5402.45, part of heading 5402, in section XI of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on other, of nylon or other polyamides in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 5402.45 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on other, of nylon or other polyamides in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 5402.45 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 4%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most other, of nylon or other polyamides?
China, with US$300m in 2024 (30% of world exports).
Which countries can export these goods to the UK duty-free?
174 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of Free applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Where does the UK import these goods from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were United States (42%), Italy (24%) and Spain (9%), out of total imports of £5.4m.