Subheading · Chapter 84 · Heading 8412
8412.31: Pneumatic power engines and motors: linear acting (cylinders)
Pneumatic cylinders
Official description Linear acting (cylinders)
8412.31 is the HS subheading for pneumatic cylinders, under heading 8412 in chapter 84.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 8412 31 00 00 Linear acting (cylinders)
- 8412 31 00 10 For use in civil aircraft
- 8412 31 00 90 Other 4%
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 4
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 376
- Documents
- 9008
- Duty suspensionNon preferential duty under end-use Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- S.I. 2020/1430
- Documents
- N990 EUS - Authorisation for the use of end use procedure (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)
- Tariff lines
- on 1 of 2 lines
- Duty suspensionAirworthiness tariff suspension Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- S.I. 2018/1249
- Documents
- C119 Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1 (Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012), or equivalent certificate
- Duty suspensionSuspension - goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- 2020 No. 1431
- Documents
- C990 End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)
- Tariff lines
- on 1 of 2 lines
Import requirements 3
- Prohibition or restrictionImport prohibition
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Russia, Ukraine
- Legal act
- 2023 No. 440, S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9011
- 9022
- 9038
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlImport control on restricted goods and technologies
- Applies to goods from
- Iran, North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/461, S.I. 2019/411
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | 4% |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code " EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Andorra agreement | Andorra | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Switzerland agreement | Switzerland | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Faroe Islands agreement | Faroe Islands | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| DCTS Standard | Indonesia | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Liechtenstein agreement | Liechtenstein | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–Norway agreement | Norway | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Tunisia agreement | Tunisia | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 Germany | £11.7m | 23% | -7.6% |
 United States | £11.4m | 22.5% | +38.5% |
 Switzerland | £4.9m | 9.7% | +12% |
 Czechia | £3.6m | 7.1% | -5.7% |
 Italy | £3.6m | 7% | -8.5% |
 Türkiye | £2.6m | 5.1% | +66.5% |
 France | £2.5m | 5% | +5.9% |
 China | £2.4m | 4.7% | +41.5% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
EU 4.2% Third-country duty 1 tariff line Türkiye Free – 4.2% Third-country duty 2 tariff lines · average 2.1% USA Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Canada Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Mexico Free – 15% Third-country duty 2 tariff lines · average 7.5% 
Brazil 12.6% Third-country duty 2 tariff lines 
Argentina 12.6% Third-country duty 2 tariff lines 
Peru Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
New Zealand 5% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Japan Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Taiwan 5% Third-country duty 2 tariff lines 
GCC 5% Third-country duty 1 tariff line Switzerland Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Norway Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
North Macedonia 10% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Nigeria 5% Third-country duty 1 tariff line World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$35kUS$35k+US$2m+US$30m+> US$168m
Exports: 145
- Germany: US$604m
- China: US$342m
- United States: US$223m
- Mexico: US$176m
- Japan: US$168m
- Italy: US$136m
- Hungary: US$114m
- India: US$55m
- France: US$54m
- Czechia: US$52m
- Türkiye: US$46m
- Taiwan: US$45m
- Poland: US$42m
- Netherlands: US$38m
- Canada: US$30m
- United Kingdom: US$30m
- Switzerland: US$28m
- Austria: US$26m
- Sweden: US$25m
- Belgium: US$19m
- Spain: US$18m
- South Korea: US$15m
- Singapore: US$13m
- Finland: US$11m
- Brazil: US$9m
- Morocco: US$7m
- Denmark: US$7m
- Vietnam: US$6m
- Romania: US$4m
- Malaysia: US$4m
- Tunisia: US$3m
- Norway: US$3m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$3m
- South Africa: US$3m
- Thailand: US$2m
- Australia: US$2m
- Slovakia: US$2m
- Kazakhstan: US$2m
- United Arab Emirates: US$2m
- Slovenia: US$2m
- Latvia: US$2m
- Russia: US$2m
- Israel: US$1m
- Ukraine: US$1m
- Bulgaria: US$1m
- Ireland: US$925k
- Portugal: US$665k
- Luxembourg: US$664k
- Argentina: US$598k
- New Zealand: US$542k
- Lithuania: US$485k
- Croatia: US$460k
- Serbia: US$399k
- Philippines: US$364k
- North Macedonia: US$329k
- Greece: US$283k
- Chile: US$234k
- Saudi Arabia: US$234k
- Estonia: US$213k
- Armenia: US$163k
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$634kUS$634k+US$5m+US$38m+> US$84m
Imports: 204
- United States: US$362m
- Germany: US$244m
- China: US$154m
- Mexico: US$93m
- Canada: US$92m
- France: US$87m
- Japan: US$84m
- Italy: US$82m
- Netherlands: US$74m
- South Korea: US$67m
- United Kingdom: US$58m
- Spain: US$53m
- Poland: US$52m
- Türkiye: US$46m
- Brazil: US$42m
- Austria: US$41m
- Czechia: US$40m
- Malaysia: US$40m
- India: US$40m
- Belgium: US$40m
- Taiwan: US$38m
- Sweden: US$35m
- Singapore: US$32m
- Switzerland: US$28m
- United Arab Emirates: US$26m
- Vietnam: US$25m
- Thailand: US$24m
- Denmark: US$24m
- Australia: US$23m
- Hungary: US$21m
- Russia: US$18m
- Indonesia: US$18m
- Romania: US$16m
- Saudi Arabia: US$15m
- Slovakia: US$15m
- Finland: US$15m
- Norway: US$13m
- Portugal: US$11m
- South Africa: US$10m
- Chile: US$9m
- Peru: US$9m
- Israel: US$8m
- Argentina: US$8m
- Kazakhstan: US$7m
- Ireland: US$7m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$6m
- Ukraine: US$6m
- New Zealand: US$6m
- Slovenia: US$6m
- Colombia: US$5m
- Morocco: US$5m
- Bulgaria: US$5m
- Serbia: US$5m
- Philippines: US$5m
- Croatia: US$4m
- Angola: US$4m
- Egypt: US$4m
- Algeria: US$3m
- Iran: US$3m
- Qatar: US$3m
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | US$604m | 25.3% |
| 2 | China | US$342m | 14.3% |
| 3 | United States | US$223m | 9.4% |
| 4 | Mexico | US$176m | 7.4% |
| 5 | Japan | US$168m | 7.1% |
| 6 | Italy | US$136m | 5.7% |
| 7 |  Hungary | US$114m | 4.8% |
| 8 |  India | US$55m | 2.3% |
| 9 | France | US$54m | 2.3% |
| 10 | Czechia | US$52m | 2.2% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | US$362m | 15.2% |
| 2 | Germany | US$244m | 10.2% |
| 3 | China | US$154m | 6.5% |
| 4 | Mexico | US$93m | 3.9% |
| 5 | Canada | US$92m | 3.8% |
| 6 | France | US$87m | 3.7% |
| 7 | Japan | US$84m | 3.5% |
| 8 | Italy | US$82m | 3.4% |
| 9 |  Netherlands | US$74m | 3.1% |
| 10 |  South Korea | US$67m | 2.8% |
Import duty on this product around the world 165
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 5%median duty
- 55number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 45%highest: Bahamas, Bermuda, Cayman Islands
165
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan | 5% | 2018 · HS 2012 | |
 Albania | 0% | 2023 | |
 Algeria | 5% | 2023 | |
 Angola | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Anguilla | 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Antigua & Barbuda | 5% | 2021 · HS 2007 | |
| Argentina | 14% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Armenia | 5% | 0% – 10% | 2023 |
 Aruba | 12% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Australia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Azerbaijan | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bahamas | 45% | 2022 | |
 Bahrain | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bangladesh | 1% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Barbados | 5% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Belarus | 5% | 0% – 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 |
 Belize | 5% | 2023 | |
 Benin | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bermuda | 25% | 2023 | |
 Bhutan | 10% | 2022 | |
 Bolivia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bosnia & Herzegovina | 5% | 0% – 10% | 2022 |
 Botswana | 0% | 2023 | |
| Brazil | 14% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Brunei | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Burkina Faso | 5% | 2023 | |
 Burundi | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cambodia | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cameroon | 10% | 2023 | |
| Canada | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cape Verde | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cayman Islands | 22% | 2021 · HS 2002 | |
 Central African Republic | 10% | 2023 | |
 Chad | 10% | 2023 | |
 Chile | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| China | 14% | 2023 | |
 Colombia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Comoros | 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Congo - Brazzaville | 10% | 2023 | |
 Cook Islands | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Costa Rica | 0% | 2023 | |
 Côte d’Ivoire | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cuba | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominica | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominican Republic | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ecuador | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Egypt | 5% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 El Salvador | 0% | 2022 | |
 Equatorial Guinea | 10% | 2023 | |
 Eswatini | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ethiopia | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| European Union (27 countries) | 4.2% | 2023 | |
 Fiji | 0% | 2023 | |
 French Polynesia | 10% | 2023 | |
 Gabon | 10% | 2023 | |
 Gambia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Georgia | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Ghana | 5% | 2023 | |
 Gibraltar | 12% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Grenada | 5% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Guatemala | 0% | 2023 | |
 Guinea | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guinea-Bissau | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guyana | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Haiti | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Honduras | 0% | 2023 | |
 Hong Kong SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iceland | 0% | 2023 | |
| India | 7.5% | 2023 | |
 Indonesia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Iran | 15% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Israel | 10% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Jamaica | 0% | 2023 | |
| Japan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Jordan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kazakhstan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kenya | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kiribati | 0% | 2023 · HS 2002 | |
 Kuwait | 5% | 2023 | |
 Kyrgyzstan | 5% | 0% – 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 |
 Laos | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Lebanon | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Lesotho | 0% | 2023 | |
 Liberia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Libya | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Liechtenstein | 1%* | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Macao SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Madagascar | 5% | 2023 | |
 Malawi | 8.3% | 0% – 25% | 2021 · HS 2017 |
 Malaysia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Maldives | 20% | 2023 | |
 Mali | 5% | 2023 | |
 Mauritania | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mauritius | 0% | 2023 | |
| Mexico | 7.5% | 0% – 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 Micronesia | 4% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Moldova | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mongolia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Montserrat | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Morocco | 2.5% | 2023 | |
 Mozambique | 5% | 2023 | |
 Myanmar (Burma) | 3% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Namibia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nauru | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Nepal | 15% | 2023 | |
| New Zealand | 5% | 2023 | |
 Nicaragua | 0% | 2023 | |
 Niger | 5% | 2023 | |
| Nigeria | 5% | 2023 | |
| North Macedonia | 10% | 2023 | |
| Norway | 0% | 2023 | |
 Oman | 5% | 2023 | |
 Pakistan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Palau | 3% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Palestinian Territories | 10% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Panama | 0% | 2023 | |
 Papua New Guinea | 0% | 2023 | |
 Paraguay | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Peru | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Philippines | 1% | 2023 | |
 Qatar | 5% | 2023 | |
 Russia | 5% | 0% – 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 |
 Rwanda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Samoa | 8% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 São Tomé & Príncipe | 10% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 Saudi Arabia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Senegal | 5% | 2023 | |
 Seychelles | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sierra Leone | 5% | 2023 | |
 Singapore | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Solomon Islands | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Somalia | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 South Africa | 0% | 2023 | |
| South Korea | 8% | 2023 | |
 Sri Lanka | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Kitts & Nevis | 5% | 2023 | |
 St Lucia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 St Pierre & Miquelon | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 St Vincent & the Grenadines | 5% | 2023 | |
 Sudan | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Suriname | 5% | 2023 · HS 2007 | |
| Switzerland | 0.5%* | 2023 | |
 Syria | 1% | 2020 · HS 2012 | |
 Tajikistan | 2.5% | 0% – 5% | 2021 · HS 2012 |
 Tanzania | 0% | 2023 | |
 Thailand | 0% | 2023 | |
 Togo | 5% | 2023 | |
 Tonga | 3% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Trinidad & Tobago | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
| Türkiye | 2.1% | 0% – 4.2% | 2023 |
 Tuvalu | 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Uganda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ukraine | 1.7% | 0% – 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 United Arab Emirates | 5% | 2023 | |
| United Kingdom | 2% | 0% – 4% | 2023 |
| United States | 0% | 2023 | |
 Uruguay | 2% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Uzbekistan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Vanuatu | 20% | 2023 | |
 Venezuela | 14% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Vietnam | 0% | 2023 | |
 Wallis & Futuna | 10% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Yemen | 5% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Zambia | 10% | 2023 | |
 Zimbabwe | 0.1% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. * ad valorem equivalent of specific duties (UNCTAD estimate) · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 71892 Linear-acting pneumatic power engines & motors (cylinders)
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Capital goods · BEC 212010
- CPC 2.1 product
- 43211 Linear acting (cylinders) hydraulic and pneumatic power engines and motors
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 2812 Manufacture of fluid power equipment
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 8412.31 | changed |
| 2012 | 8412.31 | changed |
| 2007 | 8412.31 | changed |
| 2002 | 8412.31 | changed |
| 1996 | 8412.31 | changed |
| 1992 | 8412.31 | changed |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Binding rulings for similar goods 3
Decisions of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CROSS) and HMRC (Advance Tariff Rulings) on goods classified here. A ruling binds only its holder, but shows how the authorities classify similar goods. The descriptions are the authorities’ own, in English.
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
- Tariff change
UK Trade Tariff: measure changes on 103 commodity codes
Trade Tariff changes 2026-09-21 · Source: trade-tariff.service.gov.uk
- Tariff change
Update to VATZ Coverage – 8 September 2026
Trade Tariff news 8315 · Source: trade-tariff.service.gov.uk
- Import and export controls
FR Doc. 2026-14542 · 91 FR 45516 · Source: federalregister.gov
- Tariff change
FR Doc. 2026-11158 · 91 FR 33854 · Source: federalregister.gov
In the UK Global Tariff, subheading 8412.31 covers 2 tariff lines and the duty is 4%.
The EU Combined Nomenclature has one tariff line for subheading 8412.31; the duty is 4.2%.
Goods from 174 countries can enter the UK at a preferential rate instead of the standard 4%; 174 of them pay no duty at all, for example under DCTS Comprehensive or European Union.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
In the 12 months to August 2026, the UK imported pneumatic cylinders worth £50.9m (up 11% on the year before), at an average of £29.10 per kg; Germany supplied 23%, followed by United States.
World trade in pneumatic cylinders reached US$2bn in 2024, down 1.3% on 2023.
Germany was the largest exporter with 25.3% of the total, ahead of China.
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for pneumatic power engines and motors: linear acting (cylinders)?
Pneumatic power engines and motors: linear acting (cylinders) fall under HS subheading 8412.31, part of heading 8412, in section XVI of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on pneumatic power engines and motors in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 8412.31 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 4%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on pneumatic power engines and motors in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 8412.31 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 4.2%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most pneumatic power engines and motors?
Germany, with US$604m in 2024 (25.3% of world exports).
Which countries can export pneumatic cylinders to the UK duty-free?
174 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of 4% applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Is there anti-dumping duty on pneumatic cylinders?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import pneumatic cylinders from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were Germany (23%), United States (23%) and Switzerland (10%), out of total imports of £50.9m.