Heading · Chapter 84
8440: Bookbinding machinery, including book-sewing machines
Heading 8440 is divided into 2 six-digit subheadings and sits in chapter 84, nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof.
Duty rates compared
UK Free Third-country duty 6 tariff lines 
EU 1.7% Third-country duty 6 tariff lines 
Türkiye 1.7% Third-country duty 9 tariff lines 
USA Free General (MFN) 2 tariff lines 
Canada Free General (MFN) 2 tariff lines 
Mexico Free General (MFN) 3 tariff lines 
Brazil 7.2% – 20% General (MFN) 5 tariff lines · average 14.9% 
Argentina Free – 12.6% General (MFN) 13 tariff lines · average 10.7% 
Peru Free General (MFN) 2 tariff lines 
New Zealand Free General (MFN) 2 tariff lines 
Japan Free General (MFN) 3 tariff lines 
Taiwan 2.5% – 3% General (MFN) 2 tariff lines · average 2.8% 
GCC 5% General (MFN) 11 tariff lines 
Switzerland Free General (MFN) 2 tariff lines 
Norway Free General (MFN) 4 tariff lines 
North Macedonia Free General (MFN) 6 tariff lines 
Nigeria 5% General (MFN) 2 tariff lines Subheadings 2
EU: imports by month
World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$197kUS$197k+US$2m+US$18m+> US$86m
Exports: 118
- Germany: US$208m
- Switzerland: US$129m
- China: US$111m
- Japan: US$86m
- Italy: US$60m
- Thailand: US$52m
- Netherlands: US$41m
- Latvia: US$30m
- United Kingdom: US$28m
- India: US$21m
- United States: US$21m
- Portugal: US$18m
- France: US$16m
- Belgium: US$13m
- Canada: US$11m
- Sweden: US$9m
- Taiwan: US$9m
- Poland: US$8m
- Spain: US$8m
- Slovakia: US$7m
- Czechia: US$6m
- Austria: US$5m
- Türkiye: US$4m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$4m
- Australia: US$3m
- Estonia: US$3m
- South Korea: US$2m
- Saudi Arabia: US$2m
- Israel: US$2m
- Denmark: US$2m
- Hungary: US$2m
- San Marino: US$2m
- Malaysia: US$1m
- Croatia: US$1m
- Bulgaria: US$1m
- Brazil: US$1m
- Romania: US$1m
- Bolivia: US$1m
- Slovenia: US$939k
- Lithuania: US$822k
- Finland: US$797k
- Singapore: US$778k
- Mexico: US$674k
- Norway: US$673k
- Ireland: US$542k
- Indonesia: US$530k
- South Africa: US$514k
- Kazakhstan: US$487k
- Greece: US$452k
- Serbia: US$427k
- New Zealand: US$359k
- Bosnia & Herzegovina: US$343k
- Dominican Republic: US$316k
- Armenia: US$262k
- Malta: US$206k
- Kuwait: US$201k
- Angola: US$200k
- Vietnam: US$197k
- El Salvador: US$195k
- Chile: US$167k
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$398kUS$398k+US$3m+US$11m+> US$33m
Imports: 196
- United States: US$235m
- Germany: US$60m
- United Kingdom: US$37m
- China: US$35m
- Netherlands: US$34m
- France: US$33m
- India: US$29m
- Brazil: US$26m
- Italy: US$26m
- Spain: US$25m
- Switzerland: US$24m
- Japan: US$19m
- Poland: US$17m
- South Korea: US$17m
- Algeria: US$17m
- Canada: US$16m
- Belgium: US$14m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$13m
- Austria: US$12m
- Mexico: US$11m
- Australia: US$10m
- Türkiye: US$10m
- Portugal: US$9m
- Czechia: US$9m
- Vietnam: US$9m
- Saudi Arabia: US$8m
- Russia: US$8m
- Thailand: US$8m
- Latvia: US$8m
- Israel: US$7m
- Romania: US$7m
- Malaysia: US$7m
- United Arab Emirates: US$7m
- Ukraine: US$6m
- Indonesia: US$6m
- Singapore: US$5m
- Croatia: US$5m
- Ireland: US$5m
- Finland: US$4m
- Egypt: US$4m
- Slovakia: US$4m
- Sweden: US$4m
- South Africa: US$4m
- Taiwan: US$3m
- Chile: US$3m
- Bulgaria: US$3m
- Greece: US$3m
- Hungary: US$3m
- Slovenia: US$3m
- Norway: US$3m
- Bosnia & Herzegovina: US$3m
- Kenya: US$3m
- Denmark: US$3m
- Colombia: US$3m
- Morocco: US$3m
- Peru: US$2m
- Philippines: US$2m
- Kazakhstan: US$2m
- Nigeria: US$2m
- Uganda: US$2m
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Germany | US$208m | 22.1% |
| 2 | Switzerland | US$129m | 13.7% |
| 3 |  China | US$111m | 11.8% |
| 4 | Japan | US$86m | 9.2% |
| 5 |  Italy | US$60m | 6.4% |
| 6 |  Thailand | US$52m | 5.5% |
| 7 |  Netherlands | US$41m | 4.3% |
| 8 |  Latvia | US$30m | 3.1% |
| 9 | United Kingdom | US$28m | 2.9% |
| 10 |  India | US$21m | 2.3% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | US$235m | 24.9% |
| 2 | Germany | US$60m | 6.4% |
| 3 | United Kingdom | US$37m | 4% |
| 4 | China | US$35m | 3.7% |
| 5 | Netherlands | US$34m | 3.6% |
| 6 |  France | US$33m | 3.5% |
| 7 | India | US$29m | 3% |
| 8 | Brazil | US$26m | 2.7% |
| 9 | Italy | US$26m | 2.7% |
| 10 |  Spain | US$25m | 2.6% |
The UK Global Tariff divides heading 8440 into 6 tariff lines; the duty is duty-free.
In the EU Combined Nomenclature, heading 8440 covers 6 tariff lines and the duty is 1.7%.
The Turkish Customs Tariff Schedule divides heading 8440 into 9 tariff lines; the duty is 1.7%.
In the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, heading 8440 covers 2 tariff lines and the duty is duty-free.
The Customs Tariff of Canada divides heading 8440 into 2 tariff lines; the duty is duty-free.
In the Mexican Tariff (TIGIE), heading 8440 covers 3 tariff lines and the duty is duty-free.
The Brazilian Tariff (NCM/TEC) divides heading 8440 into 5 tariff lines; the duty is between 7.2% and 20% (average 14.9%).
In the Argentine Tariff (NCM-SIM), heading 8440 covers 13 tariff lines and the duty is between 0% and 12.6%. 2 of them are duty-free.
The Customs Tariff of Peru divides heading 8440 into 2 tariff lines; the duty is duty-free.
In the Working Tariff Document of New Zealand, heading 8440 covers 2 tariff lines and the duty is duty-free.
The Customs Tariff Schedules of Japan divides heading 8440 into 3 tariff lines; the duty is duty-free.
In the Customs Import Tariff of Taiwan, heading 8440 covers 2 tariff lines and the duty is between 2.5% and 3%.
The GCC Common Customs Tariff divides heading 8440 into 11 tariff lines; the duty is 5%.
In the Swiss Customs Tariff (Tares), heading 8440 covers 2 tariff lines and the duty is duty-free.
The Customs Tariff of Norway divides heading 8440 into 4 tariff lines; the duty is duty-free.
In the Customs Tariff of North Macedonia, heading 8440 covers 6 tariff lines and the duty is duty-free.
The ECOWAS Common External Tariff (Nigeria) divides heading 8440 into 2 tariff lines; the duty is 5%.
In 2024, countries exported heading 8440 goods worth US$942m (+3% year on year).
The largest exporter was Germany (US$208m), followed by Switzerland.
The biggest buyer was the United States, with imports of US$235m.
The United Kingdom ranked 9th among 118 exporters with US$28m.
The United Kingdom imported US$37m.
Products classified here
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for bookbinding machinery, including book-sewing machines?
Bookbinding machinery, including book-sewing machines fall under HS heading 8440, part of chapter 84, in section XVI of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on bookbinding machinery in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 8440 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on bookbinding machinery in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 8440 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 1.7%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most bookbinding machinery?
Germany, with US$208m in 2024 (22.1% of world exports).