Heading · Chapter 84
8454: Converters, ladles, ingot moulds and casting machines, of a kind used in metallurgy or in metal foundries
4 subheadings make up heading 8454 in chapter 84 (nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof).
Duty rates compared
UK Free Third-country duty 5 tariff lines 
EU 1.7% Third-country duty 5 tariff lines 
Türkiye 1.7% Third-country duty 6 tariff lines 
USA Free General (MFN) 4 tariff lines 
Canada Free General (MFN) 8 tariff lines 
Mexico Free General (MFN) 6 tariff lines 
Brazil 7.2% – 20% General (MFN) 8 tariff lines · average 16.8% 
Argentina Free – 12.6% General (MFN) 9 tariff lines · average 9.8% 
Peru Free General (MFN) 4 tariff lines 
New Zealand 5% General (MFN) 4 tariff lines 
Japan Free General (MFN) 4 tariff lines 
Taiwan 2.5% – 4% General (MFN) 5 tariff lines · average 3.5% 
GCC 5% General (MFN) 5 tariff lines 
Switzerland Free General (MFN) 4 tariff lines 
Norway Free General (MFN) 4 tariff lines 
North Macedonia Free General (MFN) 5 tariff lines 
Nigeria 5% General (MFN) 4 tariff lines Subheadings 4
EU: imports by month
World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$345kUS$345k+US$9m+US$47m+> US$277m
Exports: 116
- China: US$1.2bn
- Italy: US$393m
- Japan: US$301m
- Germany: US$277m
- United States: US$192m
- Switzerland: US$116m
- Canada: US$112m
- Austria: US$84m
- Finland: US$70m
- India: US$62m
- Poland: US$51m
- Spain: US$47m
- Türkiye: US$44m
- United Kingdom: US$43m
- Taiwan: US$38m
- France: US$33m
- South Korea: US$33m
- Czechia: US$25m
- Belgium: US$22m
- Thailand: US$21m
- South Africa: US$18m
- Australia: US$15m
- Sweden: US$15m
- Slovenia: US$14m
- Vietnam: US$14m
- Slovakia: US$13m
- Bulgaria: US$10m
- Norway: US$10m
- Singapore: US$9m
- Romania: US$8m
- Russia: US$7m
- Tunisia: US$4m
- Netherlands: US$4m
- Brazil: US$4m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$4m
- Luxembourg: US$4m
- Estonia: US$4m
- Malaysia: US$4m
- Indonesia: US$4m
- Bosnia & Herzegovina: US$3m
- Mexico: US$3m
- Armenia: US$2m
- Hungary: US$2m
- Serbia: US$2m
- Morocco: US$2m
- Ukraine: US$1m
- Denmark: US$859k
- Lithuania: US$789k
- Portugal: US$698k
- Philippines: US$615k
- Croatia: US$574k
- Iran: US$492k
- Kazakhstan: US$472k
- Peru: US$456k
- United Arab Emirates: US$408k
- Ireland: US$353k
- Bahamas: US$345k
- Greece: US$330k
- Cambodia: US$282k
- Chile: US$232k
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$2mUS$2m+US$11m+US$43m+> US$136m
Imports: 182
- United States: US$484m
- India: US$352m
- Indonesia: US$292m
- Mexico: US$168m
- Vietnam: US$138m
- China: US$136m
- Germany: US$126m
- Russia: US$118m
- Canada: US$101m
- South Korea: US$98m
- Türkiye: US$86m
- Japan: US$82m
- Italy: US$70m
- France: US$59m
- Poland: US$56m
- Austria: US$55m
- Brazil: US$49m
- Thailand: US$43m
- Malaysia: US$42m
- Spain: US$42m
- Taiwan: US$40m
- United Kingdom: US$37m
- United Arab Emirates: US$37m
- Saudi Arabia: US$36m
- Kazakhstan: US$30m
- Egypt: US$29m
- Czechia: US$24m
- Slovenia: US$22m
- Sweden: US$21m
- Uzbekistan: US$20m
- Oman: US$16m
- South Africa: US$15m
- Norway: US$15m
- Bahrain: US$14m
- Iraq: US$14m
- Romania: US$14m
- Switzerland: US$13m
- Belgium: US$13m
- Greece: US$13m
- Algeria: US$13m
- Iran: US$12m
- Croatia: US$12m
- Argentina: US$12m
- Bangladesh: US$11m
- Australia: US$11m
- Hungary: US$10m
- Slovakia: US$10m
- Cambodia: US$9m
- Netherlands: US$8m
- Bulgaria: US$8m
- Morocco: US$8m
- Portugal: US$8m
- Philippines: US$8m
- Pakistan: US$7m
- Congo - Kinshasa: US$7m
- Singapore: US$7m
- Serbia: US$7m
- Kenya: US$6m
- Iceland: US$6m
- Angola: US$6m
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  China | US$1.2bn | 35% |
| 2 |  Italy | US$393m | 11.9% |
| 3 | Japan | US$301m | 9.1% |
| 4 |  Germany | US$277m | 8.4% |
| 5 | United States | US$192m | 5.8% |
| 6 | Switzerland | US$116m | 3.5% |
| 7 | Canada | US$112m | 3.4% |
| 8 |  Austria | US$84m | 2.5% |
| 9 |  Finland | US$70m | 2.1% |
| 10 |  India | US$62m | 1.9% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | US$484m | 14.6% |
| 2 | India | US$352m | 10.6% |
| 3 |  Indonesia | US$292m | 8.8% |
| 4 | Mexico | US$168m | 5.1% |
| 5 |  Vietnam | US$138m | 4.2% |
| 6 | China | US$136m | 4.1% |
| 7 | Germany | US$126m | 3.8% |
| 8 |  Russia | US$118m | 3.6% |
| 9 | Canada | US$101m | 3% |
| 10 |  South Korea | US$98m | 3% |
In the UK Global Tariff, heading 8454 covers 5 tariff lines and the duty is duty-free.
The EU Combined Nomenclature divides heading 8454 into 5 tariff lines; the duty is 1.7%.
In the Turkish Customs Tariff Schedule, heading 8454 covers 6 tariff lines and the duty is 1.7%.
The Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States divides heading 8454 into 4 tariff lines; the duty is duty-free.
In the Customs Tariff of Canada, heading 8454 covers 8 tariff lines and the duty is duty-free.
The Mexican Tariff (TIGIE) divides heading 8454 into 6 tariff lines; the duty is duty-free.
In the Brazilian Tariff (NCM/TEC), heading 8454 covers 8 tariff lines and the duty is between 7.2% and 20%.
The Argentine Tariff (NCM-SIM) divides heading 8454 into 9 tariff lines; the duty is between 0% and 12.6% (average 9.8%). 2 of them are duty-free.
In the Customs Tariff of Peru, heading 8454 covers 4 tariff lines and the duty is duty-free.
The Working Tariff Document of New Zealand divides heading 8454 into 4 tariff lines; the duty is 5%.
In the Customs Tariff Schedules of Japan, heading 8454 covers 4 tariff lines and the duty is duty-free.
The Customs Import Tariff of Taiwan divides heading 8454 into 5 tariff lines; the duty is between 2.5% and 4% (average 3.5%).
In the GCC Common Customs Tariff, heading 8454 covers 5 tariff lines and the duty is 5%.
The Swiss Customs Tariff (Tares) divides heading 8454 into 4 tariff lines; the duty is duty-free.
In the Customs Tariff of Norway, heading 8454 covers 4 tariff lines and the duty is duty-free.
The Customs Tariff of North Macedonia divides heading 8454 into 5 tariff lines; the duty is duty-free.
In the ECOWAS Common External Tariff (Nigeria), heading 8454 covers 4 tariff lines and the duty is 5%.
World trade in heading 8454 goods reached US$3.3bn in 2024, down 2.5% on 2023.
China was the largest exporter with 35% of the total, ahead of Italy.
The United States imported the most (US$484m).
The United Kingdom ranked 14th among 116 exporters with US$43m.
The United Kingdom imported US$37m.
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for converters, ladles, ingot moulds and casting machines, of a kind used in metallurgy or in metal foundries?
Converters, ladles, ingot moulds and casting machines, of a kind used in metallurgy or in metal foundries fall under HS heading 8454, part of chapter 84, in section XVI of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on converters, ladles, ingot moulds and casting… in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 8454 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on converters, ladles, ingot moulds and casting… in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 8454 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 1.7%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most converters, ladles, ingot moulds and casting…?
China, with US$1.2bn in 2024 (35% of world exports).