Subheading · Chapter 84 · Heading 8459
8459.31: Machine tools: other boring-milling machines, numerically controlled
Official description Numerically controlled
Subheading 8459.31 belongs to heading 8459 (machine tools) in chapter 84.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 8459 31 00 00 Numerically controlled Freep/st
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 1
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 376
- Documents
- 9008
Import requirements 3
- Prohibition or restrictionImport prohibition
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Ukraine
- Legal act
- S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlImport control on restricted goods and technologies
- Applies to goods from
- Iran, North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/461, S.I. 2019/411
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | Free |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code "EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Andorra agreement | Andorra | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Switzerland agreement | Switzerland | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Faroe Islands agreement | Faroe Islands | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| DCTS Standard | Indonesia | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Liechtenstein agreement | Liechtenstein | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–Norway agreement | Norway | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Tunisia agreement | Tunisia | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 Switzerland | £4.2m | 47.8% | — |
 Germany | £2.9m | 33.8% | -25.9% |
 Italy | £833k | 9.6% | +20.5% |
 Taiwan | £325k | 3.7% | -17.5% |
 Czechia | £257k | 3% | -57.3% |
 China | £115k | 1.3% | -38.9% |
 Belgium | £37k | 0.4% | +675.7% |
 France | £35k | 0.4% | — |
Same subheading in other tariffs
EU 1.7% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Türkiye 1.7% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
USA 4.2% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Canada Free General (MFN) 3 tariff lines 
Mexico Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Brazil 20% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Argentina 12.6% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Peru Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
New Zealand 5% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Japan Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line Taiwan 6% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
GCC 5% General (MFN) 1 tariff line Switzerland Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Norway Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
North Macedonia Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Nigeria 5% General (MFN) 1 tariff line World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$344kUS$344k+US$3m+US$37m+> US$137m
Exports: 53
- Italy: US$158m
- Germany: US$137m
- Switzerland: US$74m
- Czechia: US$66m
- China: US$52m
- Spain: US$37m
- South Korea: US$30m
- Taiwan: US$28m
- Japan: US$25m
- United States: US$19m
- Denmark: US$4m
- Türkiye: US$4m
- Austria: US$3m
- Slovakia: US$2m
- Netherlands: US$2m
- France: US$2m
- United Kingdom: US$1m
- Singapore: US$871k
- Romania: US$802k
- Slovenia: US$706k
- Belgium: US$616k
- Serbia: US$532k
- Sweden: US$465k
- India: US$397k
- Hungary: US$368k
- Canada: US$344k
- Poland: US$306k
- Australia: US$210k
- Luxembourg: US$194k
- Portugal: US$188k
- Lithuania: US$145k
- Finland: US$141k
- Bosnia & Herzegovina: US$119k
- Russia: US$103k
- Norway: US$63k
- Croatia: US$54k
- Bulgaria: US$54k
- Albania: US$49k
- Latvia: US$48k
- South Africa: US$41k
- Malaysia: US$33k
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$19k
- Costa Rica: US$14k
- United Arab Emirates: US$12k
- New Zealand: US$11k
- Algeria: US$7k
- Myanmar (Burma): US$5k
- Tunisia: US$2k
- Saudi Arabia: US$2k
- Botswana: US$1k
- Bahrain: US$100
- Ireland: US$100
- Indonesia: US$0
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$595kUS$595k+US$4m+US$14m+> US$33m
Imports: 115
- China: US$113m
- United States: US$107m
- Germany: US$38m
- Russia: US$33m
- Canada: US$28m
- Türkiye: US$22m
- Hungary: US$21m
- Poland: US$18m
- India: US$17m
- United Kingdom: US$16m
- Saudi Arabia: US$15m
- France: US$14m
- Israel: US$13m
- Slovakia: US$13m
- Austria: US$13m
- Netherlands: US$10m
- Switzerland: US$9m
- Mexico: US$9m
- Sweden: US$9m
- Italy: US$8m
- Czechia: US$8m
- Finland: US$8m
- Kazakhstan: US$7m
- Brazil: US$7m
- Australia: US$5m
- Portugal: US$5m
- Belgium: US$4m
- South Korea: US$4m
- Serbia: US$4m
- Spain: US$4m
- United Arab Emirates: US$4m
- Armenia: US$4m
- Croatia: US$4m
- Japan: US$3m
- Vietnam: US$3m
- Norway: US$3m
- Bosnia & Herzegovina: US$3m
- Denmark: US$3m
- Romania: US$3m
- Thailand: US$3m
- Ukraine: US$2m
- Slovenia: US$2m
- Singapore: US$2m
- Taiwan: US$2m
- Malaysia: US$2m
- South Africa: US$2m
- Bulgaria: US$2m
- Indonesia: US$2m
- Luxembourg: US$2m
- Belarus: US$2m
- Estonia: US$2m
- Pakistan: US$1m
- Morocco: US$1m
- Latvia: US$1m
- New Zealand: US$1m
- Greece: US$1m
- Argentina: US$1m
- Iran: US$595k
- Egypt: US$573k
- Philippines: US$529k
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Italy | US$158m | 24.3% |
| 2 | Germany | US$137m | 21.1% |
| 3 | Switzerland | US$74m | 11.4% |
| 4 | Czechia | US$66m | 10.2% |
| 5 | China | US$52m | 7.9% |
| 6 |  Spain | US$37m | 5.8% |
| 7 |  South Korea | US$30m | 4.6% |
| 8 | Taiwan | US$28m | 4.3% |
| 9 | Japan | US$25m | 3.9% |
| 10 | United States | US$19m | 2.9% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | US$113m | 17.3% |
| 2 | United States | US$107m | 16.5% |
| 3 | Germany | US$38m | 5.9% |
| 4 |  Russia | US$33m | 5.1% |
| 5 | Canada | US$28m | 4.3% |
| 6 | Türkiye | US$22m | 3.4% |
| 7 |  Hungary | US$21m | 3.2% |
| 8 |  Poland | US$18m | 2.7% |
| 9 |  India | US$17m | 2.6% |
| 10 | United Kingdom | US$16m | 2.5% |
Import duty on this product around the world 165
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 5%median duty
- 66number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 45%highest: Bahamas, Bermuda, Cayman Islands
165
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan | 2.5% | 2018 · HS 2012 | |
 Albania | 0% | 2023 | |
 Algeria | 5% | 2023 | |
 Angola | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Anguilla | 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Antigua & Barbuda | 5% | 2021 · HS 2007 | |
| Argentina | 14% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Armenia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Aruba | 12% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Australia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Azerbaijan | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bahamas | 45% | 2022 | |
 Bahrain | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bangladesh | 1% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Barbados | 5% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Belarus | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Belize | 5% | 2023 | |
 Benin | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bermuda | 25% | 2023 | |
 Bhutan | 10% | 2022 | |
 Bolivia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bosnia & Herzegovina | 10% | 2022 | |
 Botswana | 0% | 2023 | |
| Brazil | 14% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Brunei | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Burkina Faso | 5% | 2023 | |
 Burundi | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cambodia | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cameroon | 10% | 2023 | |
| Canada | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cape Verde | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cayman Islands | 22% | 2021 · HS 2002 | |
 Central African Republic | 10% | 2023 | |
 Chad | 10% | 2023 | |
 Chile | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| China | 9% | 2023 | |
 Colombia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Comoros | 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Congo - Brazzaville | 10% | 2023 | |
 Cook Islands | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Costa Rica | 0% | 2023 | |
 Côte d’Ivoire | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cuba | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominica | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominican Republic | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ecuador | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Egypt | 5% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 El Salvador | 0% | 2022 | |
 Equatorial Guinea | 10% | 2023 | |
 Eswatini | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ethiopia | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| European Union (27 countries) | 1.7% | 2023 | |
 Fiji | 0% | 2023 | |
 French Polynesia | 10% | 2023 | |
 Gabon | 10% | 2023 | |
 Gambia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Georgia | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Ghana | 5% | 2023 | |
 Gibraltar | 12% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Grenada | 5% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Guatemala | 0% | 2023 | |
 Guinea | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guinea-Bissau | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guyana | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Haiti | 0% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Honduras | 0% | 2023 | |
 Hong Kong SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iceland | 0% | 2023 | |
| India | 7.5% | 2023 | |
 Indonesia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Iran | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Israel | 5% | 0% – 10% | 2022 · HS 2017 |
 Jamaica | 0% | 2023 | |
| Japan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Jordan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kazakhstan | 5% | 2023 | |
 Kenya | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kiribati | 0% | 2023 · HS 2002 | |
 Kuwait | 5% | 2023 | |
 Kyrgyzstan | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Laos | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Lebanon | 0% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Lesotho | 0% | 2023 | |
 Liberia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Libya | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Liechtenstein | 0.7%* | 0.3% – 1.1% | 2021 · HS 2017 |
 Macao SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Madagascar | 5% | 2023 | |
 Malawi | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Malaysia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Maldives | 20% | 2023 | |
 Mali | 5% | 2023 | |
 Mauritania | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mauritius | 0% | 2023 | |
| Mexico | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Micronesia | 4% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Moldova | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mongolia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Montserrat | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Morocco | 2.5% | 2023 | |
 Mozambique | 5% | 2023 | |
 Myanmar (Burma) | 3% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Namibia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nauru | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Nepal | 5% | 2023 | |
| New Zealand | 5% | 2023 | |
 Nicaragua | 0% | 2023 | |
 Niger | 5% | 2023 | |
| Nigeria | 5% | 2023 | |
| North Macedonia | 0% | 2023 | |
| Norway | 0% | 2023 | |
 Oman | 5% | 2023 | |
 Pakistan | 3% | 2023 | |
 Palau | 3% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Palestinian Territories | 5% | 0% – 10% | 2017 · HS 2017 |
 Panama | 0% | 2023 | |
 Papua New Guinea | 0% | 2023 | |
 Paraguay | 2% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Peru | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Philippines | 0% | 2023 | |
 Qatar | 5% | 2023 | |
| Russia | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Rwanda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Samoa | 8% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 São Tomé & Príncipe | 10% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 Saudi Arabia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Senegal | 5% | 2023 | |
 Seychelles | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sierra Leone | 5% | 2023 | |
 Singapore | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Solomon Islands | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Somalia | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 South Africa | 0% | 2023 | |
| South Korea | 8% | 2023 | |
 Sri Lanka | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Kitts & Nevis | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Lucia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 St Pierre & Miquelon | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 St Vincent & the Grenadines | 5% | 2023 | |
 Sudan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Suriname | 5% | 2023 · HS 2007 | |
| Switzerland | 0.7%* | 0.3% – 1.1% | 2023 |
 Syria | 1% | 2020 · HS 2012 | |
 Tajikistan | 8% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Tanzania | 0% | 2023 | |
 Thailand | 0% | 2023 | |
 Togo | 5% | 2023 | |
 Tonga | 3% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Trinidad & Tobago | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
| Türkiye | 1.7% | 2023 | |
 Tuvalu | 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Uganda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ukraine | 2% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 United Arab Emirates | 5% | 2023 | |
| United Kingdom | 0% | 2023 | |
| United States | 4.2% | 2023 | |
 Uruguay | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Uzbekistan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Vanuatu | 0% | 2023 | |
 Venezuela | 14% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Vietnam | 0% | 2023 | |
 Wallis & Futuna | 10% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Yemen | 5% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Zambia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Zimbabwe | 0% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. * ad valorem equivalent of specific duties (UNCTAD estimate) · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 73144 Other boring-milling machines, numerically controlled
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Capital goods · BEC 212010
- CPC 2.1 product
- 44214 Machine-tools for drilling, boring or milling metal
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 2822 Manufacture of metal-forming machinery and machine tools
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 8459.31 | changed |
| 2012 | 8459.31 | changed |
| 2007 | 8459.31 | changed |
| 2002 | 8459.31 | changed |
| 1996 | 8459.31 | changed |
| 1992 | 8459.31 | changed |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
- Sanctions · Applies from:
CELEX 32026R0271 · Source: eur-lex.europa.eu
The UK Global Tariff has one tariff line for subheading 8459.31; the duty is duty-free.
Subheading 8459.31 is a single line in the EU Combined Nomenclature, where the duty is 1.7%.
174 countries pay no duty in the UK thanks to trade agreements and preference schemes such as DCTS Comprehensive and European Union, against a standard rate of Free.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
Imports of these goods into the UK came to £8.7m between September 2025 and August 2026 (down 5% on the year before); Switzerland supplied 48%, followed by Germany.
In 2024, countries exported these goods worth US$650m (−0.1% year on year).
The largest exporter was Italy (US$158m), followed by Germany.
Products classified here
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for machine tools: other boring-milling machines, numerically controlled?
Machine tools: other boring-milling machines, numerically controlled fall under HS subheading 8459.31, part of heading 8459, in section XVI of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on machine tools in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 8459.31 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on machine tools in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 8459.31 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 1.7%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most machine tools?
Italy, with US$158m in 2024 (24.3% of world exports).
Which countries can export these goods to the UK duty-free?
174 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of Free applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Is there anti-dumping duty on these goods?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import these goods from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were Switzerland (48%), Germany (34%) and Italy (10%), out of total imports of £8.7m.
Typical products
Everyday names, not part of the legal text.