Subheading · Chapter 84 · Heading 8465
8465.93: Grinding, sanding or polishing machines
8465.93 is a six-digit subheading of heading 8465, machine tools, chapter 84.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 8465 93 00 00 Grinding, sanding or polishing machines 2%p/st
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 1
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 376
- Documents
- 9008
Import requirements 3
- Prohibition or restrictionImport prohibition
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Ukraine
- Legal act
- S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlImport control on restricted goods and technologies
- Applies to goods from
- Iran, North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/461, S.I. 2019/411
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | 2% |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code "EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Andorra agreement | Andorra | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Switzerland agreement | Switzerland | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Faroe Islands agreement | Faroe Islands | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| DCTS Standard | Indonesia | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Liechtenstein agreement | Liechtenstein | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–Norway agreement | Norway | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Tunisia agreement | Tunisia | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 China | £1.9m | 27.4% | -7.2% |
 Germany | £1.4m | 20% | +13.8% |
 Switzerland | £935k | 13.4% | +339.6% |
 Austria | £701k | 10.1% | +115% |
 Italy | £689k | 9.9% | +24.9% |
 Taiwan | £477k | 6.8% | -26.6% |
 United States | £301k | 4.3% | +319% |
 Czechia | £200k | 2.9% | +58.1% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
EU 2.7% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Türkiye 2.7% Third-country duty 3 tariff lines USA 3% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Canada Free General (MFN) 2 tariff lines 
Mexico Free General (MFN) 2 tariff lines 
Brazil 20% General (MFN) 2 tariff lines 
Argentina 12.6% General (MFN) 2 tariff lines 
Peru Free General (MFN) 2 tariff lines 
New Zealand 5% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Japan Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line Taiwan 3% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
GCC 5% General (MFN) 3 tariff lines Switzerland Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Norway Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
North Macedonia Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Nigeria 5% General (MFN) 1 tariff line World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$43kUS$43k+US$733k+US$4m+> US$47m
Exports: 118
- China: US$140m
- Germany: US$101m
- Italy: US$68m
- Taiwan: US$47m
- Switzerland: US$26m
- Austria: US$12m
- United States: US$11m
- Japan: US$11m
- Türkiye: US$7m
- Canada: US$5m
- Czechia: US$4m
- Denmark: US$4m
- Netherlands: US$4m
- France: US$3m
- United Kingdom: US$3m
- Spain: US$2m
- Poland: US$2m
- South Korea: US$2m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$2m
- Thailand: US$2m
- Finland: US$1m
- Belgium: US$1m
- Sweden: US$1m
- India: US$1m
- Norway: US$1m
- Malaysia: US$928k
- Brazil: US$830k
- Bosnia & Herzegovina: US$754k
- Paraguay: US$733k
- Portugal: US$727k
- Slovenia: US$637k
- Chile: US$568k
- South Africa: US$529k
- Mexico: US$517k
- Russia: US$403k
- Vietnam: US$388k
- Australia: US$348k
- Romania: US$331k
- Colombia: US$277k
- Armenia: US$252k
- Bulgaria: US$208k
- Serbia: US$205k
- Ecuador: US$195k
- Lithuania: US$184k
- United Arab Emirates: US$181k
- Singapore: US$178k
- Luxembourg: US$166k
- Slovakia: US$147k
- Ireland: US$137k
- Indonesia: US$104k
- Estonia: US$90k
- Ukraine: US$89k
- Uganda: US$68k
- Pakistan: US$63k
- Hungary: US$49k
- Croatia: US$47k
- Kazakhstan: US$43k
- Philippines: US$41k
- Panama: US$33k
- Latvia: US$26k
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$233kUS$233k+US$1m+US$6m+> US$16m
Imports: 200
- United States: US$115m
- Vietnam: US$35m
- Germany: US$23m
- China: US$21m
- Canada: US$18m
- India: US$16m
- Thailand: US$15m
- France: US$12m
- Mexico: US$12m
- Poland: US$11m
- Switzerland: US$11m
- Austria: US$10m
- Brazil: US$9m
- Türkiye: US$9m
- Indonesia: US$8m
- Russia: US$8m
- United Kingdom: US$7m
- Malaysia: US$7m
- Australia: US$7m
- Spain: US$6m
- Netherlands: US$6m
- Romania: US$5m
- United Arab Emirates: US$4m
- Czechia: US$4m
- South Korea: US$3m
- Belgium: US$3m
- Italy: US$3m
- Ecuador: US$3m
- Japan: US$3m
- Colombia: US$3m
- Saudi Arabia: US$3m
- Dominican Republic: US$2m
- Argentina: US$2m
- Singapore: US$2m
- Slovakia: US$2m
- Bangladesh: US$2m
- Ukraine: US$2m
- Portugal: US$2m
- Taiwan: US$2m
- Guatemala: US$2m
- Sweden: US$2m
- Philippines: US$2m
- Peru: US$2m
- Hungary: US$2m
- Serbia: US$2m
- Bolivia: US$2m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$2m
- Kazakhstan: US$1m
- Norway: US$1m
- Egypt: US$1m
- Uzbekistan: US$1m
- Ireland: US$1m
- Uruguay: US$1m
- Slovenia: US$1m
- Algeria: US$1m
- Chile: US$1m
- Bosnia & Herzegovina: US$1m
- New Zealand: US$1m
- Denmark: US$996k
- Cambodia: US$993k
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | US$140m | 29.7% |
| 2 | Germany | US$101m | 21.4% |
| 3 | Italy | US$68m | 14.3% |
| 4 | Taiwan | US$47m | 10% |
| 5 | Switzerland | US$26m | 5.4% |
| 6 | Austria | US$12m | 2.6% |
| 7 | United States | US$11m | 2.4% |
| 8 | Japan | US$11m | 2.4% |
| 9 | Türkiye | US$7m | 1.4% |
| 10 | Canada | US$5m | 1% |
Import duty on this product around the world 165
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 3%median duty
- 72number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 45%highest: Bahamas, Bermuda, Cayman Islands
165
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan | 2.5% | 2018 · HS 2012 | |
 Albania | 0% | 2023 | |
 Algeria | 5% | 2023 | |
 Angola | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Anguilla | 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Antigua & Barbuda | 5% | 2021 · HS 2007 | |
| Argentina | 8% | 2% – 14% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 Armenia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Aruba | 12% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Australia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Azerbaijan | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bahamas | 45% | 2022 | |
 Bahrain | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bangladesh | 1% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Barbados | 5% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Belarus | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Belize | 5% | 2023 | |
 Benin | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bermuda | 25% | 2023 | |
 Bhutan | 10% | 2022 | |
 Bolivia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bosnia & Herzegovina | 5% | 2022 | |
 Botswana | 0% | 2023 | |
| Brazil | 14% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Brunei | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Burkina Faso | 5% | 2023 | |
 Burundi | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cambodia | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cameroon | 10% | 2023 | |
| Canada | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cape Verde | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cayman Islands | 22% | 2021 · HS 2002 | |
 Central African Republic | 10% | 2023 | |
 Chad | 10% | 2023 | |
 Chile | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| China | 9% | 2023 | |
 Colombia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Comoros | 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Congo - Brazzaville | 10% | 2023 | |
 Cook Islands | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Costa Rica | 0% | 2023 | |
 Côte d’Ivoire | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cuba | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominica | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominican Republic | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ecuador | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Egypt | 0% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 El Salvador | 0% | 2022 | |
 Equatorial Guinea | 10% | 2023 | |
 Eswatini | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ethiopia | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| European Union (27 countries) | 2.7% | 2023 | |
 Fiji | 0% | 2023 | |
 French Polynesia | 10% | 2023 | |
 Gabon | 10% | 2023 | |
 Gambia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Georgia | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Ghana | 5% | 2023 | |
 Gibraltar | 12% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Grenada | 5% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Guatemala | 0% | 2023 | |
 Guinea | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guinea-Bissau | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guyana | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Haiti | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Honduras | 0% | 2023 | |
 Hong Kong SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iceland | 0% | 2023 | |
 India | 7.5% | 2023 | |
 Indonesia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Iran | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Israel | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Jamaica | 0% | 2023 | |
| Japan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Jordan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kazakhstan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kenya | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kiribati | 0% | 2023 · HS 2002 | |
 Kuwait | 5% | 2023 | |
 Kyrgyzstan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Laos | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Lebanon | 0% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Lesotho | 0% | 2023 | |
 Liberia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Libya | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Liechtenstein | 1%* | 0.4% – 1.6% | 2021 · HS 2017 |
 Macao SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Madagascar | 5% | 2023 | |
 Malawi | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Malaysia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Maldives | 20% | 2023 | |
 Mali | 5% | 2023 | |
 Mauritania | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mauritius | 0% | 2023 | |
| Mexico | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Micronesia | 4% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Moldova | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mongolia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Montserrat | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Morocco | 2.5% | 2023 | |
 Mozambique | 5% | 2023 | |
 Myanmar (Burma) | 3% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Namibia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nauru | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Nepal | 5% | 2023 | |
| New Zealand | 5% | 2023 | |
 Nicaragua | 0% | 2023 | |
 Niger | 5% | 2023 | |
| Nigeria | 5% | 2023 | |
| North Macedonia | 0% | 2023 | |
| Norway | 0% | 2023 | |
 Oman | 5% | 2023 | |
 Pakistan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Palau | 3% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Palestinian Territories | 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Panama | 0% | 2023 | |
 Papua New Guinea | 0% | 2023 | |
 Paraguay | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Peru | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Philippines | 0% | 2023 | |
 Qatar | 5% | 2023 | |
 Russia | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Rwanda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Samoa | 8% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 São Tomé & Príncipe | 10% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 Saudi Arabia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Senegal | 5% | 2023 | |
 Seychelles | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sierra Leone | 5% | 2023 | |
 Singapore | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Solomon Islands | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Somalia | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 South Africa | 0% | 2023 | |
 South Korea | 8% | 2023 | |
 Sri Lanka | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Kitts & Nevis | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Lucia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 St Pierre & Miquelon | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 St Vincent & the Grenadines | 5% | 2023 | |
 Sudan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Suriname | 5% | 2023 · HS 2007 | |
| Switzerland | 1.6%* | 0.7% – 2.4% | 2023 |
 Syria | 1% | 2020 · HS 2012 | |
 Tajikistan | 6% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Tanzania | 0% | 2023 | |
 Thailand | 0% | 2023 | |
 Togo | 5% | 2023 | |
 Tonga | 3% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Trinidad & Tobago | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
| Türkiye | 13% | 2023 | |
 Tuvalu | 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Uganda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ukraine | 1% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 United Arab Emirates | 5% | 2023 | |
| United Kingdom | 2% | 2023 | |
| United States | 3% | 2023 | |
 Uruguay | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Uzbekistan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Vanuatu | 0% | 2023 | |
 Venezuela | 14% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Vietnam | 3% | 2023 | |
 Wallis & Futuna | 10% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Yemen | 5% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Zambia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Zimbabwe | 0% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. * ad valorem equivalent of specific duties (UNCTAD estimate) · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 72812 Machine tools (including machines for nailing, stapling, gluing/othw. assembling) for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics/similar hard materials (other than machines of subgroups 731.1 & 745.1)
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Capital goods · BEC 312010
- CPC 2.1 product
- 44222 Machine-tools for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials; presses for the manufacture of particle board or fibre building board of wood or other ligneous materials and other machinery for treating wood or cork
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 2822 Manufacture of metal-forming machinery and machine tools
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 8465.93 | changed |
| 2012 | 8465.93 | changed |
| 2007 | 8465.93 | changed |
| 2002 | 8465.93 | changed |
| 1996 | 8465.93 | changed |
| 1992 | 8465.93 | changed |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
- Sanctions · Applies from:
The Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) Regulations 2026
S.I. 2026/543 · Source: legislation.gov.uk
Subheading 8465.93 is a single line in the UK Global Tariff, where the duty is 2%.
The EU Combined Nomenclature has one tariff line for subheading 8465.93; the duty is 2.7%.
Goods from 174 countries can enter the UK at a preferential rate instead of the standard 2%; 174 of them pay no duty at all, for example under DCTS Comprehensive or European Union.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
In the 12 months to August 2026, the UK imported these goods worth £7m (up 20% on the year before), at an average of £11.35 per kg; China supplied 27%, followed by Germany.
World trade in these goods reached US$472m in 2024, down 0.3% on 2023.
China was the largest exporter with 29.7% of the total, ahead of Germany.
Products classified here
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for grinding, sanding or polishing machines?
Grinding, sanding or polishing machines fall under HS subheading 8465.93, part of heading 8465, in section XVI of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on grinding, sanding or polishing machines in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 8465.93 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 2%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on grinding, sanding or polishing machines in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 8465.93 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 2.7%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most grinding, sanding or polishing machines?
China, with US$140m in 2024 (29.7% of world exports).
Which countries can export these goods to the UK duty-free?
174 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of 2% applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Is there anti-dumping duty on these goods?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import these goods from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were China (27%), Germany (20%) and Switzerland (13%), out of total imports of £7m.
Typical products
Everyday names, not part of the legal text.