Subheading · Chapter 90 · Heading 9029
9029.20: Speed indicators and tachometers; stroboscopes
Speedometers and tachometers
9029.20 is the HS subheading for speedometers and tachometers, under heading 9029 in chapter 90.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 9029 20 00 00 Speed indicators and tachometers; stroboscopes
- Speed indicators and tachometers
- 9029 20 31 00 Speed indicators for vehicles Free
- 9029 20 31 50 Clustered instrument panel, communicating via can-bus and/or k-line protocols, with: - or without stepping motors, - analogue or digital pointers and dials, - or without microprocessor control board, - or without led indicators or lcd display, showing at least: - speed, - engine revolutions, - engine temperature, - fuel level, for use in the manufacture of goods of chapter 87 Free
- 9029 20 31 90 Other Free
- 9029 20 38 00 Other
- 9029 20 38 10 For use in civil aircraft Free
- 9029 20 38 90 Other Free
- 9029 20 90 00 Stroboscopes Free
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 3
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 598
- Documents
- 9014
- Duty suspensionAirworthiness tariff suspension Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- S.I. 2018/1249
- Documents
- C119 Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1 (Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012), or equivalent certificate
- Duty suspensionSuspension - goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- 2020 No. 1431
- Documents
- C990 End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)
- Tariff lines
- on 2 of 5 lines
Import requirements 3
- Prohibition or restrictionImport prohibition
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Iraq, Syria, Ukraine
- Legal act
- S.I. 2020/707, S.I. 2019/792, S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlImport control on restricted goods and technologies
- Applies to goods from
- Iran, Libya, North Korea, Russia
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/461, 2020 No. 1665, S.I. 2019/855, S.I. 2019/411
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | Free |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code " EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Andorra agreement | Andorra | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Switzerland agreement | Switzerland | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Faroe Islands agreement | Faroe Islands | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| DCTS Standard | Indonesia | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Liechtenstein agreement | Liechtenstein | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–Norway agreement | Norway | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Tunisia agreement | Tunisia | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| £78.3m | 54.9% | -5.1% | |
| £12.6m | 8.8% | -11.3% | |
| £10.9m | 7.7% | -11% | |
| £9.6m | 6.8% | +29% | |
| £6.7m | 4.7% | -7.3% | |
| £5m | 3.5% | +1.6% | |
| £3.5m | 2.5% | +14% | |
| £2.2m | 1.6% | +153.8% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$13kUS$13k+US$2m+US$109m+> US$610m
Exports: 166
- Portugal: US$1bn
- Mexico: US$1bn
- Germany: US$946m
- China: US$933m
- Romania: US$610m
- United States: US$376m
- South Korea: US$362m
- Czechia: US$305m
- Thailand: US$153m
- Vietnam: US$147m
- France: US$142m
- Japan: US$141m
- Spain: US$123m
- Tunisia: US$113m
- Philippines: US$111m
- Malaysia: US$109m
- Slovakia: US$95m
- Netherlands: US$74m
- Italy: US$73m
- Taiwan: US$72m
- India: US$61m
- Sweden: US$49m
- Indonesia: US$46m
- Hungary: US$44m
- Poland: US$35m
- United Kingdom: US$33m
- Belgium: US$22m
- Switzerland: US$20m
- Brazil: US$19m
- Serbia: US$12m
- Singapore: US$10m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$10m
- Canada: US$10m
- Türkiye: US$10m
- Ireland: US$4m
- Austria: US$4m
- Estonia: US$3m
- Croatia: US$3m
- Denmark: US$2m
- Australia: US$2m
- Bulgaria: US$2m
- South Africa: US$2m
- Finland: US$1m
- Egypt: US$1m
- Slovenia: US$908k
- Russia: US$641k
- Saudi Arabia: US$609k
- Norway: US$608k
- Lithuania: US$446k
- United Arab Emirates: US$352k
- Latvia: US$322k
- Morocco: US$244k
- Armenia: US$216k
- Ukraine: US$203k
- Israel: US$180k
- Chile: US$151k
- New Zealand: US$151k
- Colombia: US$147k
- Luxembourg: US$133k
- Argentina: US$131k
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$307kUS$307k+US$5m+US$85m+> US$284m
Imports: 208
- Germany: US$2bn
- United States: US$1bn
- China: US$548m
- South Korea: US$323m
- Spain: US$313m
- Mexico: US$291m
- France: US$284m
- Japan: US$268m
- Türkiye: US$235m
- Slovakia: US$206m
- Czechia: US$205m
- Canada: US$202m
- United Kingdom: US$201m
- Poland: US$154m
- Brazil: US$136m
- Thailand: US$134m
- Hungary: US$126m
- Italy: US$123m
- Belgium: US$105m
- Egypt: US$98m
- Netherlands: US$85m
- Indonesia: US$78m
- Sweden: US$74m
- Romania: US$64m
- Argentina: US$55m
- Malaysia: US$48m
- Taiwan: US$47m
- Vietnam: US$41m
- India: US$39m
- Austria: US$34m
- Portugal: US$30m
- South Africa: US$29m
- Slovenia: US$24m
- Australia: US$21m
- Morocco: US$19m
- United Arab Emirates: US$13m
- Switzerland: US$12m
- Singapore: US$11m
- Russia: US$11m
- Finland: US$10m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$9m
- Iran: US$8m
- Lithuania: US$8m
- Croatia: US$7m
- Cambodia: US$7m
- Chile: US$7m
- Uzbekistan: US$7m
- Denmark: US$6m
- Colombia: US$6m
- Bulgaria: US$6m
- Philippines: US$5m
- Saudi Arabia: US$5m
- Norway: US$5m
- Israel: US$5m
- Algeria: US$4m
- Ireland: US$3m
- Peru: US$3m
- Greece: US$3m
- Pakistan: US$3m
- Kazakhstan: US$3m
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | US$1bn | 18.8% | |
| 2 | US$1bn | 13.6% | |
| 3 | US$946m | 12.1% | |
| 4 | US$933m | 11.9% | |
| 5 | US$610m | 7.8% | |
| 6 | US$376m | 4.8% | |
| 7 | US$362m | 4.6% | |
| 8 | US$305m | 3.9% | |
| 9 | US$153m | 2% | |
| 10 | US$147m | 1.9% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | US$2bn | 19.8% | |
| 2 | US$1bn | 18.3% | |
| 3 | US$548m | 7% | |
| 4 | US$323m | 4.1% | |
| 5 | US$313m | 4% | |
| 6 | US$291m | 3.7% | |
| 7 | US$284m | 3.6% | |
| 8 | US$268m | 3.4% | |
| 9 | US$235m | 3% | |
| 10 | US$206m | 2.6% |
Import duty on this product around the world 164
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 5%median duty
- 37number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 45%highest: Bahamas, Ethiopia, Pakistan
164
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5% | 2018 · HS 2012 | ||
| 2% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 2% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 15% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2021 · HS 2007 | ||
| 18% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5.6% | 3% – 7.5% | 2023 | |
| 12% | 2021 · HS 2012 | ||
| 2.5% | 0% – 5% | 2023 | |
| 11% | 0% – 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 45% | 2022 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2022 · HS 2017 | ||
| 6.5% | 5% – 7.5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 25% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2022 | ||
| 8.3% | 5% – 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 5% | 0% – 10% | 2022 | |
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 18% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 0% – 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 22% | 2021 · HS 2002 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 2.3% | 0% – 3% | 2023 | |
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2019 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2022 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 30% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 2.6% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 12% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 7.5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 15% | 5% – 26% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
| 4% | 0% – 6% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 1.7% | 0% – 5% | 2023 | |
| 3.6% | 0% – 5% | 2023 | |
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2002 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 6.5% | 5% – 7.5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0.6%* | 0.4% – 0.8% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 7.5% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 4% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 2.5% | 2023 | ||
| 7.5% | 2023 | ||
| 4.3% | 3% – 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 29% | 20% – 35% | 2023 | |
| 3% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 4% | 0% – 6% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
| 13% | 10% – 15% | 2023 | |
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 14% | 10% – 18% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 4% | 1% – 10% | 2023 | |
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 6.5% | 5% – 7.5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2020 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2019 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 8% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2007 | ||
| 0.4%* | 0.3% – 0.6% | 2023 | |
| 5% | 2020 · HS 2012 | ||
| 4% | 0% – 5% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 3% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 2.2% | 0% – 2.6% | 2023 | |
| 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 2.1% | 0% – 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 3% | 0% – 6% | 2023 | |
| 18% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 18% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 6.7% | 0% – 20% | 2023 | |
| 6% | 2021 · HS 2012 | ||
| 5% | 2017 · HS 2017 | ||
| 15% | 2023 | ||
| 0.1% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. * ad valorem equivalent of specific duties (UNCTAD estimate) · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 87325 Speed indicators & tachometers; stroboscopes
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Capital goods · BEC 212020
- CPC 2.1 product
- 48264 Revolution counters, production counters, taximeters, mileometers, pedometers and the like; speed indicators and tachometers, except hydrographic and meteorological instruments; stroboscopes
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 2651 Manufacture of measuring, testing, navigating and control equipment
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 9029.20 | changed |
| 2012 | 9029.20 | changed |
| 2007 | 9029.20 | changed |
| 2002 | 9029.20 | changed |
| 1996 | 9029.20 | changed |
| 1992 | 9029.20 | changed |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Binding rulings for similar goods 6
Decisions of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CROSS) and HMRC (Advance Tariff Rulings) on goods classified here. A ruling binds only its holder, but shows how the authorities classify similar goods. The descriptions are the authorities’ own, in English.
- N363777 U.S. CBP
The tariff classification of the Gabi System from Romania
- N362258 U.S. CBP
The tariff classification of a heart rate monitor from Malaysia.
- N298946 U.S. CBP
The tariff classification of a pulse oximeter from China
- N298766 U.S. CBP
The tariff classification of a heart rate monitor and a bicycle speed and cadence sensor from China
- 600015944 HMRC
ABS Sensor Cap. The sensor cap is used in hub unit bearing. One side of the hub unit is attached to the axle, the other to the wheel. The sensor cap is fitted to the top of the unit and sends measurements to the ABS braking system on the vehicle. The ABS sensor cap is an electromagnetic sensor…
- 600009263 HMRC
A Front Driver Display for a vehicle, the main purpose is being a Speedometer and Tachometer for the driver and is incorporated as part of the dashboard of a car, it is used as an interface with the onboard computer and and electronic systems. The screen is an OLED, it doesn't have a TV tuner nor…
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
-
FR Doc. 2026-14542 · 91 FR 45516 · Source: federalregister.gov
-
CELEX 32026R1465 · Source: eur-lex.europa.eu
-
FR Doc. 2026-11158 · 91 FR 33854 · Source: federalregister.gov
The UK Global Tariff divides subheading 9029.20 into 5 tariff lines; the duty is duty-free.
In the EU Combined Nomenclature, subheading 9029.20 covers 3 tariff lines and the duty is 2.6%.
174 countries pay no duty in the UK thanks to trade agreements and preference schemes such as DCTS Comprehensive and European Union, against a standard rate of Free.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
Imports of speedometers and tachometers into the UK came to £142.5m between September 2025 and August 2026 (down 2% on the year before); Portugal supplied 55%, followed by Spain.
In 2024, countries exported speedometers and tachometers worth US$8bn (+5.1% year on year).
The largest exporter was Portugal (US$1bn), followed by Mexico.
Products classified here
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for speed indicators and tachometers; stroboscopes?
Speed indicators and tachometers; stroboscopes fall under HS subheading 9029.20, part of heading 9029, in section XVIII of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on speed indicators and tachometers; stroboscopes in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 9029.20 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on speed indicators and tachometers; stroboscopes in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 9029.20 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 2.6%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most speed indicators and tachometers; stroboscopes?
Portugal, with US$1bn in 2024 (18.8% of world exports).
Which countries can export speedometers and tachometers to the UK duty-free?
174 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of Free applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Is there anti-dumping duty on speedometers and tachometers?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import speedometers and tachometers from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were Portugal (55%), Spain (9%) and China (8%), out of total imports of £142.5m.
Typical products
Everyday names, not part of the legal text.