Subheading · Chapter 30 · Heading 3002
3002.14: Immunological products, mixed, not put up in measured doses or in forms or packings for retail sale
Immunological products, mixed, bulk
3002.14 is the HS subheading for immunological products, mixed, bulk, under heading 3002 in chapter 30.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 3002 14 00 00 Immunological products, mixed, not put up in measured doses or in forms or packings for retail sale Free
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 1
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 598
- Documents
- 9014
Import requirements 2
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Ukraine
- Legal act
- S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlImport control - CITES
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- 2021 No. 54
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | Free |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code " EU") | Free | |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Andorra agreement | Andorra | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Switzerland agreement | Switzerland | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Faroe Islands agreement | Faroe Islands | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Liechtenstein agreement | Liechtenstein | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–Norway agreement | Norway | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Tunisia agreement | Tunisia | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 United States | £342.9m | 60.4% | +57.7% |
 Germany | £64.2m | 11.3% | +10.9% |
 Ireland | £44.9m | 7.9% | +329.6% |
 China | £33.8m | 5.9% | -16.4% |
 South Korea | £27.5m | 4.8% | -65.6% |
 France | £17.9m | 3.1% | +4.3% |
 Switzerland | £14.6m | 2.6% | -0.3% |
 Japan | £11.5m | 2% | -82.7% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
EU Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Türkiye Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line USA Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Canada Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Mexico 5% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Brazil Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Argentina Free Third-country duty 6 tariff lines 
Peru Free Third-country duty 2 tariff lines 
New Zealand Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line Japan Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Taiwan Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
GCC Free Third-country duty 2 tariff lines Switzerland Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Norway Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
North Macedonia Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Nigeria Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$1mUS$1m+US$135m+US$477m+> US$4bn
Exports: 80
- Ireland: US$16bn
- United States: US$6bn
- South Korea: US$4bn
- Netherlands: US$3bn
- Switzerland: US$2bn
- Singapore: US$2bn
- Germany: US$1bn
- Sweden: US$477m
- China: US$436m
- Belgium: US$432m
- Denmark: US$420m
- Japan: US$379m
- United Kingdom: US$278m
- France: US$229m
- Hungary: US$228m
- Spain: US$169m
- Austria: US$155m
- Italy: US$135m
- India: US$126m
- Australia: US$78m
- Poland: US$43m
- Canada: US$41m
- Finland: US$37m
- Argentina: US$27m
- Croatia: US$16m
- Russia: US$13m
- Israel: US$13m
- Taiwan: US$11m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$11m
- Slovenia: US$9m
- Iceland: US$7m
- Lithuania: US$6m
- Eritrea: US$6m
- United Arab Emirates: US$4m
- Slovakia: US$2m
- Portugal: US$1m
- Norway: US$858k
- Estonia: US$833k
- Mexico: US$636k
- Czechia: US$601k
- Latvia: US$510k
- Greece: US$339k
- Georgia: US$310k
- Armenia: US$165k
- Ukraine: US$121k
- Indonesia: US$53k
- Qatar: US$46k
- Brazil: US$25k
- Kenya: US$18k
- Malaysia: US$17k
- South Africa: US$16k
- Uruguay: US$12k
- Thailand: US$11k
- Romania: US$9k
- Serbia: US$6k
- Costa Rica: US$4k
- Luxembourg: US$4k
- Bulgaria: US$4k
- Türkiye: US$4k
- Malta: US$3k
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$451kUS$451k+US$8m+US$229m+> US$2bn
Imports: 120
- United States: US$15bn
- Germany: US$7bn
- Switzerland: US$3bn
- Belgium: US$2bn
- Italy: US$2bn
- Ireland: US$2bn
- Netherlands: US$2bn
- France: US$909m
- United Kingdom: US$818m
- Japan: US$542m
- South Korea: US$315m
- Austria: US$229m
- Türkiye: US$218m
- Hungary: US$199m
- Portugal: US$183m
- Singapore: US$153m
- Denmark: US$107m
- China: US$92m
- Sweden: US$90m
- Slovakia: US$50m
- Spain: US$49m
- Canada: US$29m
- Slovenia: US$23m
- Morocco: US$15m
- Honduras: US$15m
- Russia: US$12m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$12m
- Brazil: US$10m
- Saudi Arabia: US$9m
- Poland: US$8m
- Argentina: US$8m
- Belarus: US$7m
- Israel: US$6m
- India: US$4m
- Georgia: US$4m
- Kazakhstan: US$4m
- Taiwan: US$3m
- Paraguay: US$3m
- South Africa: US$3m
- Indonesia: US$3m
- Australia: US$2m
- Zambia: US$2m
- Iceland: US$2m
- Mexico: US$2m
- Finland: US$2m
- Uruguay: US$2m
- Lithuania: US$1m
- Norway: US$1m
- Malaysia: US$949k
- Thailand: US$815k
- Egypt: US$711k
- Peru: US$701k
- Bangladesh: US$677k
- Chile: US$604k
- Czechia: US$598k
- Iran: US$540k
- Jordan: US$509k
- Luxembourg: US$495k
- North Macedonia: US$451k
- Ukraine: US$434k
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ireland | US$16bn | 43.5% |
| 2 | United States | US$6bn | 15.7% |
| 3 | South Korea | US$4bn | 10% |
| 4 |  Netherlands | US$3bn | 8.2% |
| 5 | Switzerland | US$2bn | 5.6% |
| 6 |  Singapore | US$2bn | 4.2% |
| 7 | Germany | US$1bn | 2.8% |
| 8 |  Sweden | US$477m | 1.3% |
| 9 | China | US$436m | 1.2% |
| 10 |  Belgium | US$432m | 1.1% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | US$15bn | 40.1% |
| 2 | Germany | US$7bn | 19.8% |
| 3 | Switzerland | US$3bn | 6.9% |
| 4 | Belgium | US$2bn | 6.1% |
| 5 |  Italy | US$2bn | 6% |
| 6 | Ireland | US$2bn | 5.1% |
| 7 | Netherlands | US$2bn | 5% |
| 8 | France | US$909m | 2.4% |
| 9 | United Kingdom | US$818m | 2.2% |
| 10 | Japan | US$542m | 1.4% |
Import duty on this product around the world 152
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 0%median duty
- 116number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 16%highest: Iran, French Polynesia, Pakistan
152
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
 Albania | 0% | 2023 | |
 Algeria | 5% | 2023 | |
 Angola | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Anguilla | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| Argentina | 2% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Armenia | 3% | 2023 | |
 Australia | 2.5% | 0% – 5% | 2023 |
 Azerbaijan | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bahamas | 0% | 2022 | |
 Bahrain | 0% | 2023 | |
 Bangladesh | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Barbados | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Belarus | 3% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Belize | 0% | 2023 | |
 Benin | 0% | 2023 | |
 Bermuda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Bhutan | 0% | 2022 | |
 Bolivia | 3.3% | 0% – 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 Bosnia & Herzegovina | 5% | 2022 | |
 Botswana | 0% | 2023 | |
| Brazil | 2% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Brunei | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Burkina Faso | 0% | 2023 | |
 Burundi | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cambodia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cameroon | 5% | 2023 | |
| Canada | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cape Verde | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Central African Republic | 5% | 2023 | |
 Chad | 5% | 2023 | |
 Chile | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| China | 3% | 2023 | |
 Colombia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Comoros | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Congo - Brazzaville | 5% | 2023 | |
 Cook Islands | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Costa Rica | 0% | 2023 | |
 Côte d’Ivoire | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cuba | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominica | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominican Republic | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ecuador | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Egypt | 0% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 El Salvador | 0% | 2022 | |
 Equatorial Guinea | 5% | 2023 | |
 Eswatini | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ethiopia | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| European Union (27 countries) | 0% | 2023 | |
 Fiji | 0% | 2023 | |
 French Polynesia | 15% | 2023 | |
 Gabon | 5% | 2023 | |
 Gambia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Georgia | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Ghana | 0% | 2023 | |
 Gibraltar | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Guatemala | 0% | 2023 | |
 Guinea | 0% | 2023 | |
 Guinea-Bissau | 0% | 2023 | |
 Guyana | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Haiti | 0% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Honduras | 0% | 2023 | |
 Hong Kong SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iceland | 0% | 2023 | |
 India | 10% | 2023 | |
 Indonesia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iran | 16% | 5% – 32% | 2020 · HS 2017 |
 Israel | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Jamaica | 0% | 2023 | |
| Japan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Jordan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kazakhstan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kenya | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kuwait | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kyrgyzstan | 3% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Laos | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Lebanon | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Lesotho | 0% | 2023 | |
 Liberia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Libya | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Liechtenstein | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Macao SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Madagascar | 0% | 2023 | |
 Malawi | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Malaysia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Maldives | 0% | 2023 | |
 Mali | 0% | 2023 | |
 Mauritania | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mauritius | 0% | 2023 | |
| Mexico | 2.5% | 0% – 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 Micronesia | 4% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Moldova | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mongolia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Montserrat | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Morocco | 2.5% | 2023 | |
 Mozambique | 0% | 2023 | |
 Myanmar (Burma) | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Namibia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nauru | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Nepal | 0% | 2023 | |
| New Zealand | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nicaragua | 0% | 2023 | |
 Niger | 0% | 2023 | |
| Nigeria | 0% | 2023 | |
| North Macedonia | 0% | 2023 | |
| Norway | 0% | 2023 | |
 Oman | 0% | 2023 | |
 Pakistan | 11% | 2023 | |
 Palestinian Territories | 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Panama | 0% | 2023 | |
 Papua New Guinea | 0% | 2023 | |
 Paraguay | 2% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Peru | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Philippines | 1% | 2023 | |
 Qatar | 0% | 2023 | |
 Russia | 3% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Rwanda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Samoa | 0% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 São Tomé & Príncipe | 5% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 Saudi Arabia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Senegal | 0% | 2023 | |
 Seychelles | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sierra Leone | 0% | 2023 | |
| Singapore | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Solomon Islands | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Somalia | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 South Africa | 0% | 2023 | |
| South Korea | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sri Lanka | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Kitts & Nevis | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Pierre & Miquelon | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 St Vincent & the Grenadines | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sudan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| Switzerland | 0% | 2023 | |
 Tanzania | 0% | 2023 | |
 Thailand | 0% | 2023 | |
 Togo | 0% | 2023 | |
 Tonga | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Türkiye | 0% | 2023 | |
 Tuvalu | 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Uganda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ukraine | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 United Arab Emirates | 0% | 2023 | |
| United Kingdom | 0% | 2023 | |
| United States | 0% | 2023 | |
 Uruguay | 2% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Uzbekistan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Vanuatu | 0% | 2023 | |
 Venezuela | 2% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Vietnam | 0% | 2023 | |
 Yemen | 5% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Zambia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Zimbabwe | 0% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 54163 Antisera & other blood fractions; vaccines
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Intermediate goods · BEC 711220
- CPC 2.1 product
- 35270 Other pharmaceutical products
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 2100 Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 3002.14 | changed |
| 2012 | 3002.10 | changed |
| 2007 | 2925.29, 2933.29, 2934.99, 2937.90, 3002.10, 3002.20, 3002.90, 3907.20 | changed |
| 2002 | 2925.20, 2933.29, 2934.99, 2937.90, 3002.10, 3002.20, 3002.90, 3907.20 | changed |
| 1996 | 2925.20, 2933.29, 2933.90, 2934.90, 2937.99, 3002.10, 3002.20, 3002.90, 3907.20 | changed |
| 1992 | 2925.20, 2933.29, 2933.59, 2933.90, 2934.90, 2937.99, 3002.10, 3002.20, 3002.90, 3907.20 | changed |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
- Tariff change
FR Doc. 2026-19498 · 91 FR 60360 · Source: federalregister.gov
- Import and export controls
FR Doc. 2026-14542 · 91 FR 45516 · Source: federalregister.gov
- Tariff change
FR Doc. 2026-11158 · 91 FR 33854 · Source: federalregister.gov
- Classification · Applies from:
CELEX 32026R0360 · Source: eur-lex.europa.eu
Code history
Since 2017; before, these goods were classified under 3002.10.
The UK Global Tariff has one tariff line for subheading 3002.14; the duty is duty-free.
Subheading 3002.14 is a single line in the EU Combined Nomenclature, where the duty is duty-free.
156 countries pay no duty in the UK thanks to trade agreements and preference schemes such as DCTS Comprehensive and European Union, against a standard rate of Free.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
Imports of immunological products, mixed, bulk into the UK came to £567.9m between September 2025 and August 2026 (up 3% on the year before); United States supplied 60%, followed by Germany.
In 2024, countries exported immunological products, mixed, bulk worth US$38bn (+15.2% year on year).
The largest exporter was Ireland (US$16bn), followed by the United States.
Legal notes
Subheading notes
1. For the purposes of subheadings 300213 and 300214, the following are to be treated:
(a) as unmixed products, pure products, whether or not containing impurities;
(b) as products which have been mixed:
(1) the products mentioned in (a) above dissolved in water or in other solvents;
(2) the products mentioned in (a) and (b) (1) above with an added stabiliser necessary for their preservation or transport; and
(3) The products mentioned in (a), (b) (1) and (b) (2) above with any other additive.
2. Subheadings 300360 and 300460 cover medicaments containing artemisinin (INN) for oral ingestion combined with other pharmaceutical active ingredients, or containing any of the following active principles, whether or not combined with other pharmaceutical active ingredients: amodiaquine (INN); artelinic acid or its salts; artenimol (INN); artemotil (INN); artemether (INN); artesunate (INN); chloroquine (INN); dihydroartemisinin (INN); lumefantrine (INN); mefloquine (INN); piperaquine (INN); pyrimethamine (INN) or sulfadoxine (INN).
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for immunological products, mixed, not put up in measured doses or in forms or packings for retail sale?
Immunological products, mixed, not put up in measured doses or in forms or packings for retail sale fall under HS subheading 3002.14, part of heading 3002, in section VI of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on immunological products, mixed in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 3002.14 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on immunological products, mixed in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 3002.14 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most immunological products, mixed?
Ireland, with US$16bn in 2024 (43.5% of world exports).
Which countries can export immunological products, mixed, bulk to the UK duty-free?
156 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, CARIFORUM. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of Free applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Is there anti-dumping duty on immunological products, mixed, bulk?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import immunological products, mixed, bulk from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were United States (60%), Germany (11%) and Ireland (8%), out of total imports of £567.9m.