Chapter
Chapter 35: Albuminoidal substances; modified starches; glues; enzymes
Chapter 35 of the Harmonized System has 7 headings and belongs to section VI (products of the chemical or allied industries).
Duty rates compared
UK Free – 8% Third-country duty 41 tariff lines · average 2.4% · 7× specific or compound duty 
EU Free – 9% Third-country duty 33 tariff lines · average 4.5% · 10× specific or compound duty 
Türkiye Free – 15.6% Third-country duty 54 tariff lines · average 8.3% 
USA Free – 6.5% General (MFN) 24 tariff lines · average 2% · 10× specific or compound duty 
Canada Free – 8.5% General (MFN) 32 tariff lines · average 1.9% · 5× specific or compound duty 
Mexico Free – 30% General (MFN) 37 tariff lines · average 6.1% 
Brazil Free – 14.4% General (MFN) 42 tariff lines · average 10.8% 
Argentina Free – 16% General (MFN) 69 tariff lines · average 11.6% 
Peru Free – 6% General (MFN) 25 tariff lines · average 2.2% 
New Zealand Free – 5% General (MFN) 40 tariff lines · average 2.3% 
Japan Free – 17% General (MFN) 21 tariff lines · average 5.4% · 2× specific or compound duty 
Taiwan Free – 25% General (MFN) 47 tariff lines · average 7.4% 
GCC 5% General (MFN) 34 tariff lines 
Switzerland Free General (MFN) 24 tariff lines · 11× specific or compound duty 
Norway Free – 258% General (MFN) 28 tariff lines · average 29.8% · 10× specific or compound duty 
North Macedonia Free – 6.5% General (MFN) 33 tariff lines · average 0.9% 
Nigeria 5% – 20% General (MFN) 15 tariff lines · average 10% Headings 7
- 3501Casein, caseinates and other casein derivatives; casein glues
- 3502Albumins (including concentrates of two or more whey proteins, containing by weight more than 80 % whey proteins, calculated on the dry matter), albuminates and other albumin derivatives
- 3503Gelatin (including gelatin in rectangular (including square) sheets, whether or not surface-worked or coloured) and gelatin derivatives; isinglass; other glues of animal origin, excluding casein glues of heading 3501
- 3504Peptones and their derivatives; other protein substances and their derivatives, not elsewhere specified or included; hide powder, whether or not chromed
- 3505Dextrins and other modified starches (for example, pregelatinised or esterified starches); glues based on starches, or on dextrins or other modified starches
- 3506Prepared glues and other prepared adhesives, not elsewhere specified or included; products suitable for use as glues or adhesives, put up for retail sale as glues or adhesives, not exceeding a net weight of 1 kg
- 3507Enzymes; prepared enzymes not elsewhere specified or included
EU: imports by month
World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$960kUS$960k+US$45m+US$540m+> US$2.3bn
Exports: 199
- Germany: US$4.9bn
- United States: US$4.9bn
- China: US$4.9bn
- Netherlands: US$2.9bn
- Denmark: US$2.8bn
- France: US$2.3bn
- New Zealand: US$1.3bn
- Japan: US$1.2bn
- Belgium: US$1.2bn
- Italy: US$1.1bn
- Thailand: US$1.1bn
- South Korea: US$964m
- United Kingdom: US$860m
- Ireland: US$852m
- Poland: US$782m
- Brazil: US$754m
- Taiwan: US$600m
- Finland: US$572m
- Türkiye: US$540m
- Spain: US$536m
- Switzerland: US$522m
- Austria: US$470m
- India: US$403m
- Canada: US$371m
- Sweden: US$365m
- Lithuania: US$349m
- Vietnam: US$330m
- Australia: US$320m
- Singapore: US$304m
- Mexico: US$296m
- Malaysia: US$200m
- Argentina: US$174m
- Portugal: US$142m
- Hungary: US$137m
- Bulgaria: US$120m
- Slovakia: US$107m
- South Africa: US$101m
- Czechia: US$101m
- Saudi Arabia: US$80m
- Indonesia: US$77m
- Colombia: US$75m
- Ukraine: US$68m
- Egypt: US$65m
- Israel: US$59m
- Slovenia: US$54m
- United Arab Emirates: US$51m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$45m
- Norway: US$44m
- Romania: US$40m
- Chile: US$37m
- Greece: US$35m
- Russia: US$33m
- Pakistan: US$30m
- Paraguay: US$30m
- Ecuador: US$26m
- Estonia: US$25m
- Serbia: US$25m
- Latvia: US$22m
- Kazakhstan: US$22m
- Costa Rica: US$20m
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$15mUS$15m+US$122m+US$503m+> US$1.3bn
Imports: 223
- United States: US$3.8bn
- China: US$3.4bn
- Germany: US$2.9bn
- Netherlands: US$2.1bn
- Japan: US$1.4bn
- France: US$1.3bn
- Mexico: US$1.3bn
- Canada: US$1.3bn
- Poland: US$1.2bn
- Vietnam: US$1.2bn
- United Kingdom: US$1.2bn
- Spain: US$984m
- India: US$969m
- South Korea: US$958m
- Brazil: US$864m
- Italy: US$848m
- Russia: US$740m
- Belgium: US$671m
- Indonesia: US$613m
- Taiwan: US$589m
- Türkiye: US$583m
- Denmark: US$514m
- Thailand: US$503m
- Switzerland: US$398m
- Australia: US$397m
- Malaysia: US$390m
- Singapore: US$385m
- Czechia: US$367m
- Sweden: US$363m
- Philippines: US$355m
- South Africa: US$328m
- Austria: US$327m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$315m
- Hungary: US$300m
- Ireland: US$295m
- United Arab Emirates: US$283m
- Saudi Arabia: US$276m
- Romania: US$248m
- Colombia: US$201m
- Argentina: US$198m
- Egypt: US$195m
- Finland: US$189m
- Morocco: US$187m
- Portugal: US$184m
- Slovakia: US$183m
- Chile: US$177m
- Greece: US$177m
- Luxembourg: US$172m
- Israel: US$171m
- Peru: US$150m
- Bangladesh: US$150m
- Ukraine: US$143m
- Algeria: US$143m
- New Zealand: US$140m
- Croatia: US$134m
- Iran: US$122m
- Nigeria: US$109m
- Lithuania: US$105m
- Cambodia: US$103m
- Kazakhstan: US$103m
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Germany | US$4.9bn | 12% |
| 2 | United States | US$4.9bn | 11.9% |
| 3 |  China | US$4.9bn | 11.8% |
| 4 |  Netherlands | US$2.9bn | 7.1% |
| 5 |  Denmark | US$2.8bn | 6.8% |
| 6 |  France | US$2.3bn | 5.6% |
| 7 | New Zealand | US$1.3bn | 3.2% |
| 8 | Japan | US$1.2bn | 3% |
| 9 |  Belgium | US$1.2bn | 2.9% |
| 10 |  Italy | US$1.1bn | 2.8% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | US$3.8bn | 9.3% |
| 2 | China | US$3.4bn | 8.2% |
| 3 | Germany | US$2.9bn | 7.1% |
| 4 | Netherlands | US$2.1bn | 5.1% |
| 5 | Japan | US$1.4bn | 3.5% |
| 6 | France | US$1.3bn | 3.3% |
| 7 | Mexico | US$1.3bn | 3.2% |
| 8 | Canada | US$1.3bn | 3.1% |
| 9 |  Poland | US$1.2bn | 3% |
| 10 |  Vietnam | US$1.2bn | 3% |
The UK Global Tariff divides chapter 35 into 41 tariff lines; the duty is between 0% and 8% (average 2.4%). 21 of them are duty-free. 7 lines have a specific or compound duty.
In the EU Combined Nomenclature, chapter 35 covers 33 tariff lines and the duty is between 0% and 9%. 7 of them are duty-free. 10 lines have a specific or compound duty.
The Turkish Customs Tariff Schedule divides chapter 35 into 54 tariff lines; the duty is between 0% and 15.6% (average 8.3%). 2 of them are duty-free.
In 2024, countries exported chapter 35 goods worth US$41.1bn (+0.2% year on year).
The largest exporter was Germany (US$4.9bn), followed by the United States.
The biggest buyer was the United States, with imports of US$3.8bn.
Chapter notes
Notes
1. This chapter does not cover:
(a) yeasts (heading 2102);
(b) blood fractions (other than blood albumin not prepared for therapeutic or prophylactic uses), medicaments or other products of Chapter 30;
(c) enzymatic preparations for pre-tanning (heading 3202);
(d) enzymatic soaking or washing preparations and other products of Chapter 34;
(e) hardened proteins (heading 3913); or
(f) gelatin products of the printing industry (Chapter 49).
2. For the purposes of heading 3505, the term ‘dextrins’ means starch degradation products with a reducing sugar content, expressed as dextrose on the dry substance, not exceeding 10 %.
Such products with a reducing sugar content exceeding 10 % fall in heading 1702.
Additional note
1. Subheading 35040010 covers concentrated milk proteins with a protein content of more than 85 % by weight, calculated on the dry matter.
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for albuminoidal substances; modified starches; glues; enzymes?
Albuminoidal substances; modified starches; glues; enzymes make up HS chapter 35, in section VI of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on albuminoidal substances in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 35 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 0% to 8%, depending on the line. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on albuminoidal substances in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 35 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 0% to 9%, depending on the line. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most albuminoidal substances?
Germany, with US$4.9bn in 2024 (12% of world exports).