Subheading · Chapter 85 · Heading 8507
8507.20: Electric accumulators, including separators therefor: other lead-acid accumulators
Other lead-acid batteries
Official description Other lead-acid accumulators
8507.20 is the HS subheading for other lead-acid batteries, under heading 8507 in chapter 85.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 8507 20 00 00 Other lead-acid accumulators ce/el
- 8507 20 20 00 Working with liquid electrolyte ce/el
- 8507 20 20 10 For use in civil aircraft ce/el
- 8507 20 20 90 Other 2%ce/el
- 8507 20 80 00 Other ce/el
- 8507 20 80 10 For use in civil aircraft ce/el
- 8507 20 80 90 Other 2%ce/el
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 4
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 376
- Documents
- 9008
- Duty suspensionNon preferential duty under end-use Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- S.I. 2020/1430
- Documents
- N990 EUS - Authorisation for the use of end use procedure (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)
- Tariff lines
- on 2 of 4 lines
- Duty suspensionAirworthiness tariff suspension Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- S.I. 2018/1249
- Documents
- C119 Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1 (Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012), or equivalent certificate
- Duty suspensionSuspension - goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- 2020 No. 1431
- Documents
- C990 End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)
- Tariff lines
- on 2 of 4 lines
Import requirements 3
- Prohibition or restrictionImport prohibition
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia, Syria, Ukraine
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 748, S.I. 2019/792, S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9024
- 9032
- 9025
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlImport control on restricted goods and technologies
- Applies to goods from
- Iran, Libya, Russia
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/461, 2020 No. 1665, S.I. 2019/855
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | 2% |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code "EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Andorra agreement | Andorra | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Switzerland agreement | Switzerland | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Faroe Islands agreement | Faroe Islands | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| DCTS Standard | Indonesia | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Liechtenstein agreement | Liechtenstein | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–Norway agreement | Norway | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Tunisia agreement | Tunisia | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| £28.9m | 15.6% | -13.9% | |
| £26.8m | 14.5% | -9% | |
| £15.5m | 8.4% | -19.9% | |
| £13.9m | 7.5% | +33% | |
| £13.5m | 7.3% | -24.9% | |
| £11.3m | 6.1% | -7.2% | |
| £8.9m | 4.8% | -10% | |
| £8m | 4.3% | -5.9% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$479kUS$479k+US$19m+US$168m+> US$397m
Exports: 141
- China: US$2bn
- Vietnam: US$962m
- United States: US$656m
- Germany: US$534m
- India: US$397m
- Greece: US$355m
- Poland: US$344m
- France: US$335m
- Mexico: US$320m
- Italy: US$308m
- United Kingdom: US$201m
- Taiwan: US$192m
- Slovenia: US$173m
- Philippines: US$168m
- Malaysia: US$146m
- Portugal: US$128m
- Spain: US$116m
- Netherlands: US$116m
- United Arab Emirates: US$106m
- South Korea: US$95m
- Thailand: US$81m
- Sweden: US$71m
- Bulgaria: US$58m
- Türkiye: US$47m
- Belgium: US$41m
- Japan: US$37m
- Canada: US$35m
- North Macedonia: US$34m
- Austria: US$32m
- Czechia: US$29m
- Denmark: US$22m
- Saudi Arabia: US$22m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$21m
- Singapore: US$20m
- Hungary: US$19m
- Ireland: US$17m
- South Africa: US$16m
- Australia: US$16m
- Switzerland: US$13m
- Finland: US$10m
- Kenya: US$9m
- Brazil: US$9m
- Slovakia: US$8m
- Egypt: US$7m
- Indonesia: US$5m
- Tunisia: US$4m
- Sri Lanka: US$4m
- Nigeria: US$3m
- Norway: US$3m
- Serbia: US$3m
- Russia: US$3m
- Chile: US$2m
- Israel: US$2m
- Laos: US$2m
- Peru: US$2m
- Costa Rica: US$2m
- Croatia: US$2m
- Romania: US$2m
- Ecuador: US$2m
- Kazakhstan: US$2m
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$4mUS$4m+US$24m+US$101m+> US$271m
Imports: 220
- United States: US$1.2bn
- Germany: US$685m
- Italy: US$411m
- Canada: US$355m
- France: US$331m
- Netherlands: US$324m
- United Kingdom: US$271m
- Mexico: US$219m
- Australia: US$203m
- Türkiye: US$188m
- Spain: US$177m
- United Arab Emirates: US$170m
- Malaysia: US$164m
- Poland: US$161m
- Sweden: US$158m
- Belgium: US$156m
- India: US$138m
- Indonesia: US$113m
- Russia: US$112m
- Vietnam: US$108m
- South Korea: US$103m
- Czechia: US$101m
- Brazil: US$96m
- Nigeria: US$95m
- Saudi Arabia: US$94m
- Japan: US$93m
- Philippines: US$90m
- Austria: US$86m
- China: US$86m
- Taiwan: US$81m
- Switzerland: US$73m
- Singapore: US$71m
- South Africa: US$66m
- Ukraine: US$57m
- Denmark: US$57m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$57m
- Thailand: US$55m
- Israel: US$48m
- Iraq: US$48m
- Finland: US$43m
- Ireland: US$43m
- Dominican Republic: US$43m
- Egypt: US$40m
- Norway: US$39m
- Greece: US$38m
- Colombia: US$37m
- Romania: US$37m
- Hungary: US$35m
- Chile: US$33m
- New Zealand: US$31m
- Argentina: US$30m
- Qatar: US$30m
- Tanzania: US$29m
- Slovakia: US$25m
- Jordan: US$24m
- Peru: US$23m
- Lebanon: US$23m
- Portugal: US$22m
- Uzbekistan: US$22m
- Morocco: US$20m
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | US$2bn | 23.9% | |
| 2 | US$962m | 11.5% | |
| 3 | US$656m | 7.8% | |
| 4 | US$534m | 6.4% | |
| 5 | US$397m | 4.7% | |
| 6 | US$355m | 4.2% | |
| 7 | US$344m | 4.1% | |
| 8 | US$335m | 4% | |
| 9 | US$320m | 3.8% | |
| 10 | US$308m | 3.7% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | US$1.2bn | 14.4% | |
| 2 | US$685m | 8.2% | |
| 3 | US$411m | 4.9% | |
| 4 | US$355m | 4.2% | |
| 5 | US$331m | 3.9% | |
| 6 | US$324m | 3.9% | |
| 7 | US$271m | 3.2% | |
| 8 | US$219m | 2.6% | |
| 9 | US$203m | 2.4% | |
| 10 | US$188m | 2.2% |
Import duty on this product around the world 163
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 10%median duty
- 19number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 60%highest: Barbados, Belize, Bermuda
163
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.5% | 2018 · HS 2012 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 30% | 2023 | ||
| 2% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2021 · HS 2007 | ||
| 18% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 3.7% | 3% – 5% | 2023 | |
| 22% | 2021 · HS 2012 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 7.5% | 0% – 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 10% | 2022 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 25% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 60% | 2022 · HS 2017 | ||
| 3.7% | 3% – 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| 35% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 35% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2022 | ||
| 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 7.5% | 0% – 15% | 2022 | |
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 18% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 25% | 2023 | ||
| 35% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 3.5% | 0% – 7% | 2023 | |
| 15% | 0% – 30% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 22% | 2021 · HS 2002 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | ||
| 14% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 14% | 2023 | ||
| 25% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 30% | 2019 · HS 2017 | ||
| 15% | 2022 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 0% – 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| 3.7% | 2023 | ||
| 15% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 12% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 15% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2020 · HS 2017 | ||
| 15% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 8.6% | 0% – 10% | 2023 | |
| 32% | 2020 · HS 2017 | ||
| 12% | 2022 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 3.3% | 0% – 5% | 2023 | |
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 35% | 2023 | ||
| 30% | 2023 · HS 2002 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 3.7% | 3% – 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 9.9%* | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 13% | 0% – 25% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| 18% | 0% – 25% | 2023 | |
| 2.5% | 0% – 5% | 2023 | |
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 3.8% | 0% – 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 4% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 2.5% | 2023 | ||
| 7.5% | 2023 | ||
| 2.6% | 0% – 3% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 15% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 15% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 15% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 3% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 12% | 2017 · HS 2017 | ||
| 15% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 18% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 15% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 3.7% | 3% – 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| 25% | 2023 | ||
| 8% | 2020 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2019 · HS 2017 | ||
| 15% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 25% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 8% | 2023 | ||
| 25% | 2023 | ||
| 20% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 25% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2023 · HS 2007 | ||
| 6.7%* | 2023 | ||
| 13% | 5% – 20% | 2020 · HS 2012 | |
| 5% | 2021 · HS 2012 | ||
| 25% | 2023 | ||
| 1.4% | 0% – 10% | 2023 | |
| 20% | 2023 | ||
| 3% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 11% | 2023 | ||
| 23% | 2017 · HS 2017 | ||
| 35% | 2023 | ||
| 4.3% | 0% – 8% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 1% | 0% – 2% | 2023 | |
| 3.5% | 2023 | ||
| 18% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 7.5% | 0% – 15% | 2023 | |
| 18% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 19% | 0% – 25% | 2023 | |
| 6% | 2021 · HS 2012 | ||
| 10% | 2017 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0.2% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. * ad valorem equivalent of specific duties (UNCTAD estimate) · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 77812 Electric accumulators (storage batteries)
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Intermediate goods · BEC 511220
- CPC 2.1 product
- 46420 Electric accumulators
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 2720 Manufacture of batteries and accumulators
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 8507.20 | changed |
| 2012 | 8507.20 | changed |
| 2007 | 8507.20 | changed |
| 2002 | 8507.20 | changed |
| 1996 | 8507.20 | changed |
| 1992 | 8507.20 | changed |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Binding rulings for similar goods 5
Decisions of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CROSS) and HMRC (Advance Tariff Rulings) on goods classified here. A ruling binds only its holder, but shows how the authorities classify similar goods. The descriptions are the authorities’ own, in English.
- N352322 U.S. CBP
The tariff classification of lead acid batteries from Vietnam
- N340319 U.S. CBP
The tariff classification of aftermarket mobility scooter service parts from China
- H206455 U.S. CBP
Revocation of NY H82059, NY R04727, NY N005077, NY N081177 and NY N034766; Classification of composite portable storage batteries.
- N286124 U.S. CBP
The tariff classification of two battery packs consisting of various Battery Cells from various countries (China, Japan, Taiwan, Korea).
- 600015749 HMRC
A self‑contained aircraft emergency power supply unit (EPS) incorporating rechargeable lead-acid batteries which contain an immobilised electrolyte and self-resealing release valves. The power unit has integrated control electronics. It provides temporary DC power (24 V DC output ~5 A / ~150 W…
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
-
FR Doc. 2026-18939 · 91 FR 58651 · Source: federalregister.gov
-
FR Doc. 2026-18940 · 91 FR 58647 · Source: federalregister.gov
-
FR Doc. 2026-18941 · 91 FR 58633 · Source: federalregister.gov
-
FR Doc. 2026-18942 · 91 FR 58638 · Source: federalregister.gov
-
FR Doc. 2026-18945 · 91 FR 58658 · Source: federalregister.gov
-
FR Doc. 2026-18947 · 91 FR 58643 · Source: federalregister.gov
-
FR Doc. 2026-15240 · 91 FR 47811 · Source: federalregister.gov
-
FR Doc. 2026-14542 · 91 FR 45516 · Source: federalregister.gov
The UK Global Tariff divides subheading 8507.20 into 4 tariff lines; the duty is 2%.
In the EU Combined Nomenclature, subheading 8507.20 covers 2 tariff lines and the duty is 3.7%.
174 countries pay no duty in the UK thanks to trade agreements and preference schemes such as DCTS Comprehensive and European Union, against a standard rate of 2%.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
Imports of other lead-acid batteries into the UK came to £185.2m between September 2025 and August 2026 (down 7% on the year before); China supplied 16%, followed by Vietnam.
In 2024, countries exported other lead-acid batteries worth US$8.4bn (−0.8% year on year).
The largest exporter was China (US$2bn), followed by Vietnam.
Products classified here
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for electric accumulators, including separators therefor: other lead-acid accumulators?
Electric accumulators, including separators therefor: other lead-acid accumulators fall under HS subheading 8507.20, part of heading 8507, in section XVI of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on electric accumulators in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 8507.20 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 2%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on electric accumulators in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 8507.20 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 3.7%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most electric accumulators?
China, with US$2bn in 2024 (23.9% of world exports).
Which countries can export other lead-acid batteries to the UK duty-free?
174 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of 2% applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Is there anti-dumping duty on other lead-acid batteries?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import other lead-acid batteries from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were China (16%), Vietnam (15%) and Italy (8%), out of total imports of £185.2m.
Typical products
Everyday names, not part of the legal text.