Subheading · Chapter 10 · Heading 1003
1003.90: Barley, other
Barley (not for sowing)
Official description Other
1003.90 is the HS subheading for barley (not for sowing), under heading 1003 in chapter 10.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 1003 90 00 00 Other 77.00 GBP / 1000 kg
- For the manufacture of malt 77.00 GBP / 1000 kg
- 1003 90 00 20 With the following quality criteria: - specific weight 60.5 kg/hl or more, - damaged grains 1% or less, - moisture content 13.5% or less, - sound, fair and merchantable barley 96% or more, to be used for the manufacture of beer aged in vats containing beechwood 77 GBP / 1000 kg
- 1003 90 00 30 Other 77 GBP / 1000 kg
- 1003 90 00 90 Other 77 GBP / 1000 kg
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 2
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 376
- Documents
- 9008
- Tariff quotaNon preferential tariff quota under end-use 6.69 GBP / 1,000 kg
- Applies to goods from
- all countries except Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechia, Germany, Denmark, Estonia, Spain, Finland, France, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Slovenia, Slovakia
- Legal act
- S.I. 2020/1432
- Documents
- N990 EUS - Authorisation for the use of end use procedure (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)
- Tariff lines
- on 1 of 3 lines
Import requirements 2
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Ukraine
- Legal act
- S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlImport control of organic products
- Applies to goods from
- all countries except Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Cyprus, Czechia, Germany, Denmark, Estonia, Spain, Finland, France, United Kingdom, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Slovenia, Slovakia
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/693
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | — |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code "EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, Mexico | 46.2 GBP / 1,000 kg |
| UK–Australia agreementQuota | Australia | 15.4 GBP / 1,000 kg |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | 38.5 GBP / 1,000 kg |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 Ireland | £11.8m | 27.9% | +6% |
 Denmark | £9.9m | 23.3% | +199.5% |
 Poland | £7.2m | 17% | +774.1% |
 Sweden | £4m | 9.4% | +287.8% |
 France | £3.3m | 7.9% | -65.1% |
 Germany | £2.4m | 5.6% | -80.1% |
 Lithuania | £1.7m | 3.9% | -64.1% |
 Latvia | £841k | 2% | -52.7% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
EU specific or compound duty Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Türkiye 130% Third-country duty 3 tariff lines 
USA specific or compound duty General (MFN) 2 tariff lines 
Canada Free – 94.5% General (MFN) 4 tariff lines · average 28.9% 
Mexico Free General (MFN) 2 tariff lines 
Brazil 9% General (MFN) 3 tariff lines 
Argentina 9% General (MFN) 8 tariff lines 
Peru 6% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
New Zealand Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Japan Free General (MFN) 4 tariff lines · 2× specific or compound duty 
Taiwan Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
GCC Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Switzerland Free General (MFN) 9 tariff lines · 8× specific or compound duty 
Norway specific or compound duty General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
North Macedonia Free – 2% General (MFN) 3 tariff lines · average 1.3% 
Nigeria 5% General (MFN) 1 tariff line World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$2mUS$2m+US$30m+US$206m+> US$965m
Exports: 101
- Australia: US$2bn
- France: US$1bn
- Russia: US$965m
- Argentina: US$797m
- Germany: US$699m
- Canada: US$638m
- Ukraine: US$559m
- Romania: US$484m
- Kazakhstan: US$265m
- Hungary: US$206m
- Bulgaria: US$176m
- United Kingdom: US$176m
- Denmark: US$96m
- Türkiye: US$91m
- Lithuania: US$89m
- Czechia: US$88m
- Poland: US$66m
- Uruguay: US$54m
- United States: US$42m
- Estonia: US$39m
- Croatia: US$37m
- Belgium: US$34m
- Slovakia: US$30m
- Latvia: US$29m
- Netherlands: US$28m
- Moldova: US$26m
- Serbia: US$24m
- Sweden: US$23m
- Austria: US$22m
- Switzerland: US$17m
- United Arab Emirates: US$14m
- Spain: US$12m
- Ireland: US$10m
- Slovenia: US$8m
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$5m
- North Macedonia: US$5m
- Cyprus: US$4m
- Kenya: US$4m
- Finland: US$4m
- China: US$3m
- Portugal: US$3m
- South Africa: US$3m
- Afghanistan: US$2m
- Italy: US$2m
- Mexico: US$2m
- Luxembourg: US$2m
- India: US$2m
- Greece: US$1m
- Malta: US$791k
- Syria: US$775k
- Tanzania: US$550k
- Zambia: US$369k
- Uganda: US$162k
- Curaçao: US$155k
- South Korea: US$128k
- Colombia: US$92k
- Peru: US$86k
- El Salvador: US$78k
- Malaysia: US$67k
- Singapore: US$67k
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$2mUS$2m+US$29m+US$117m+> US$348m
Imports: 155
- China: US$3bn
- Saudi Arabia: US$868m
- Netherlands: US$558m
- Belgium: US$446m
- Germany: US$348m
- Spain: US$328m
- Japan: US$327m
- Brazil: US$286m
- Morocco: US$246m
- Tunisia: US$174m
- Italy: US$150m
- Algeria: US$147m
- Kuwait: US$134m
- Mexico: US$121m
- Ireland: US$117m
- Colombia: US$116m
- Portugal: US$115m
- Iran: US$114m
- Jordan: US$89m
- Israel: US$87m
- Denmark: US$72m
- Vietnam: US$70m
- Libya: US$67m
- Iraq: US$62m
- Romania: US$62m
- United States: US$60m
- Austria: US$54m
- United Kingdom: US$53m
- Qatar: US$52m
- Cyprus: US$46m
- Peru: US$40m
- India: US$39m
- Sweden: US$36m
- Türkiye: US$31m
- Poland: US$31m
- South Africa: US$29m
- South Korea: US$28m
- United Arab Emirates: US$27m
- Canada: US$27m
- Greece: US$26m
- Kazakhstan: US$24m
- Uzbekistan: US$23m
- France: US$23m
- Slovakia: US$20m
- Ecuador: US$17m
- Switzerland: US$17m
- Bulgaria: US$14m
- Azerbaijan: US$12m
- Czechia: US$12m
- Croatia: US$11m
- Norway: US$11m
- Lebanon: US$11m
- Thailand: US$10m
- Tajikistan: US$9m
- Armenia: US$8m
- Philippines: US$7m
- Taiwan: US$6m
- Slovenia: US$6m
- Uganda: US$6m
- Latvia: US$5m
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Australia | US$2bn | 19.5% |
| 2 | France | US$1bn | 15.6% |
| 3 |  Russia | US$965m | 10.6% |
| 4 | Argentina | US$797m | 8.8% |
| 5 | Germany | US$699m | 7.7% |
| 6 | Canada | US$638m | 7% |
| 7 |  Ukraine | US$559m | 6.2% |
| 8 |  Romania | US$484m | 5.3% |
| 9 |  Kazakhstan | US$265m | 2.9% |
| 10 |  Hungary | US$206m | 2.3% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  China | US$3bn | 34% |
| 2 |  Saudi Arabia | US$868m | 9.6% |
| 3 |  Netherlands | US$558m | 6.1% |
| 4 |  Belgium | US$446m | 4.9% |
| 5 | Germany | US$348m | 3.8% |
| 6 |  Spain | US$328m | 3.6% |
| 7 | Japan | US$327m | 3.6% |
| 8 | Brazil | US$286m | 3.2% |
| 9 |  Morocco | US$246m | 2.7% |
| 10 |  Tunisia | US$174m | 1.9% |
Import duty on this product around the world 160
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 4.5%median duty
- 69number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 406%highest: South Korea, Norway, Türkiye
160
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan | 2.5% | 2018 · HS 2012 | |
 Albania | 2% | 2023 | |
 Algeria | 5% | 2023 | |
 Angola | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Anguilla | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| Argentina | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Armenia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Aruba | 0% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
| Australia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Azerbaijan | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bahamas | 18% | 0% – 35% | 2022 |
 Bahrain | 0% | 2023 | |
 Bangladesh | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Barbados | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Belarus | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Belize | 0% | 2023 | |
 Benin | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bermuda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Bhutan | 10% | 2022 | |
 Bolivia | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bosnia & Herzegovina | 5% | 2022 | |
 Botswana | 0% | 2023 | |
| Brazil | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Brunei | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Burkina Faso | 5% | 2023 | |
 Burundi | 25% | 2023 | |
 Cambodia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cameroon | 10% | 2023 | |
| Canada | 29% | 0% – 95% | 2023 |
 Cape Verde | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Central African Republic | 10% | 2023 | |
 Chad | 10% | 2023 | |
 Chile | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| China | 3% | 2023 | |
 Colombia | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Comoros | 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Congo - Brazzaville | 10% | 2023 | |
 Cook Islands | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Costa Rica | 0% | 2023 | |
 Côte d’Ivoire | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cuba | 4% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominica | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominican Republic | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ecuador | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Egypt | 0% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 El Salvador | 0% | 2022 | |
 Equatorial Guinea | 10% | 2023 | |
 Eswatini | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ethiopia | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| European Union (27 countries) | 31%* | 2023 | |
 Fiji | 5% | 2023 | |
 French Polynesia | 10% | 2023 | |
 Gabon | 10% | 2023 | |
 Gambia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Georgia | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Ghana | 5% | 2023 | |
 Gibraltar | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Grenada | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Guatemala | 0% | 2023 | |
 Guinea | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guinea-Bissau | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guyana | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Haiti | 0% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Honduras | 0% | 2023 | |
 Hong Kong SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iceland | 28% | 0% – 55% | 2023 |
 India | 0% | 2023 | |
 Indonesia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iran | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Israel | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Jamaica | 0% | 2023 | |
| Japan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Jordan | 0% | 2023 | |
| Kazakhstan | 5% | 2023 | |
 Kenya | 25% | 2023 | |
 Kuwait | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kyrgyzstan | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Laos | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Lebanon | 0% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Lesotho | 0% | 2023 | |
 Liberia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Libya | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Liechtenstein | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Macao SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Madagascar | 5% | 2023 | |
 Malawi | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Malaysia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Maldives | 0% | 2023 | |
 Mali | 5% | 2023 | |
 Mauritania | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mauritius | 0% | 2023 | |
| Mexico | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Micronesia | 3% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Moldova | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mongolia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Montserrat | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Morocco | 19% | 2.5% – 35% | 2023 |
 Mozambique | 2.5% | 2023 | |
 Myanmar (Burma) | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Namibia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nauru | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Nepal | 10% | 2023 | |
| New Zealand | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nicaragua | 0% | 2023 | |
 Niger | 5% | 2023 | |
| Nigeria | 5% | 2023 | |
| North Macedonia | 1.3% | 0% – 2% | 2023 |
| Norway | 50%* | 2023 | |
 Oman | 0% | 2023 | |
 Pakistan | 3% | 2023 | |
 Palau | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Palestinian Territories | 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Panama | 0% | 2023 | |
 Papua New Guinea | 0% | 2023 | |
 Paraguay | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Peru | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Philippines | 7% | 2023 | |
 Qatar | 0% | 2023 | |
| Russia | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Rwanda | 25% | 2023 | |
 Samoa | 8% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 São Tomé & Príncipe | 5% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
| Saudi Arabia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Senegal | 5% | 2023 | |
 Seychelles | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sierra Leone | 5% | 2023 | |
 Singapore | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Solomon Islands | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Somalia | 25% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 South Africa | 0% | 2023 | |
 South Korea | 406% | 300% – 513% | 2023 |
 Sri Lanka | 20% | 2023 | |
 St Kitts & Nevis | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Lucia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 St Pierre & Miquelon | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 St Vincent & the Grenadines | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sudan | 25% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| Switzerland | 0% | 2023 | |
 Syria | 5% | 2020 · HS 2012 | |
 Tajikistan | 5% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Tanzania | 25% | 2023 | |
 Thailand | 27% | 2023 | |
 Togo | 5% | 2023 | |
 Tonga | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Trinidad & Tobago | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
| Türkiye | 35% | 2023 | |
 Tuvalu | 15% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Uganda | 10% | 2023 | |
| Ukraine | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 United Arab Emirates | 0% | 2023 | |
| United Kingdom | 29%* | 2023 | |
| United States | 0.4%* | 0.3% – 0.5% | 2023 |
 Uruguay | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Uzbekistan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Vanuatu | 0% | 2023 | |
 Venezuela | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Vietnam | 0% | 2023 | |
 Wallis & Futuna | 4% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Yemen | 5% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Zimbabwe | 0.1% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. * ad valorem equivalent of specific duties (UNCTAD estimate) · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 0430 Barley, unmilled
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Intermediate goods · BEC 1111
- CPC 2.1 product
- 01152 Barley, other
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 0111 Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 1003.90 | unchanged |
| 2012 | 1003.90 | unchanged |
| 2007 | 1003.00 | changed |
| 2002 | 1003.00 | changed |
| 1996 | 1003.00 | changed |
| 1992 | 1003.00 | changed |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
- Import and export controls
FR Doc. 2026-14542 · 91 FR 45516 · Source: federalregister.gov
- Tariff change
FR Doc. 2026-11158 · 91 FR 33854 · Source: federalregister.gov
In the UK Global Tariff all 3 lines under subheading 1003.90 carry a specific or compound duty rather than a percentage.
In the EU Combined Nomenclature the line under subheading 1003.90 carries a specific or compound duty rather than a percentage.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
In the 12 months to August 2026, the UK imported barley (not for sowing) worth £42.4m (down 6% on the year before), at an average of £0.19 per kg; Ireland supplied 28%, followed by Denmark.
World trade in barley (not for sowing) reached US$9bn in 2024, down 22% on 2023.
Australia was the largest exporter with 19.5% of the total, ahead of France.
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for barley, other?
Barley, other fall under HS subheading 1003.90, part of heading 1003, in section II of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on barley, other in Türkiye?
Under the Turkish Customs Tariff Schedule, imports under 1003.90 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 130%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on barley, other in Canada?
Under the Customs Tariff of Canada, imports under 1003.90 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 0% to 94.5%, depending on the line. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most barley, other?
Australia, with US$2bn in 2024 (19.5% of world exports).
Is there anti-dumping duty on barley (not for sowing)?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import barley (not for sowing) from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were Ireland (28%), Denmark (23%) and Poland (17%), out of total imports of £42.4m.