Subheading · Chapter 10 · Heading 1008
1008.40: Buckwheat, millet and canary seed; other cereals: fonio (Digitaria spp.)
Official description Fonio (Digitaria spp.)
1008.40 is a six-digit subheading of heading 1008, buckwheat, millet and canary seed; other cereals, chapter 10.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 1008 40 00 00 Fonio (digitaria spp.) 30 GBP / 1000 kg
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 1
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 376
- Documents
- 9008
Import requirements 3
- Import controlPhytosanitary Certificate (import)
- Applies to goods from
- Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, New Zealand, Uruguay
- Legal act
- 2020 No. 1527
- Documents
- N851
- 901Y
- C085 Common Health Entry Document for Plants and Plant Products (CHED-PP) (as set out in Part 2, Section C of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Ukraine
- Legal act
- S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlImport control of organic products
- Applies to goods from
- all countries except Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Cyprus, Czechia, Germany, Denmark, Estonia, Spain, Finland, France, United Kingdom, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Slovenia, Slovakia
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/693
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | 30 GBP / 1000 kg |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code "EU") | Free | |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, Mexico | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 Burkina Faso | £28k | 69.7% | +309.1% |
 Netherlands | £8k | 20.2% | — |
 Côte d’Ivoire | £2k | 5.7% | — |
 Togo | £2k | 4.4% | — |
 Senegal | £0 | 0% | -100% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
EU specific or compound duty Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Türkiye 130% Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
USA 1.1% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Canada Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Mexico Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Brazil Free – 7.2% General (MFN) 2 tariff lines · average 3.6% 
Argentina Free – 7.2% General (MFN) 2 tariff lines · average 3.6% 
Peru 6% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
New Zealand Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Japan Free – 3% General (MFN) 2 tariff lines · average 1.5% 
Taiwan 4% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
GCC Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Switzerland Free General (MFN) 7 tariff lines · 6× specific or compound duty 
Norway specific or compound duty General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
North Macedonia Free – 5% General (MFN) 2 tariff lines · average 2.5% 
Nigeria 5% General (MFN) 1 tariff line World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$6kUS$6k+US$34k+US$80k+> US$348k
Exports: 28
- Netherlands: US$348k
- Senegal: US$123k
- Guinea: US$80k
- United States: US$58k
- Togo: US$46k
- Mali: US$37k
- Burkina Faso: US$34k
- Egypt: US$31k
- Switzerland: US$16k
- Uganda: US$14k
- Côte d’Ivoire: US$13k
- Italy: US$11k
- Belgium: US$6k
- France: US$5k
- Germany: US$2k
- United Kingdom: US$2k
- Nigeria: US$2k
- Ghana: US$2k
- Romania: US$800
- United Arab Emirates: US$400
- Denmark: US$400
- Gambia: US$300
- Benin: US$200
- Spain: US$200
- Hungary: US$200
- Ireland: US$100
- Guinea-Bissau: US$0
- Türkiye: US$0
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$2kUS$2k+US$15k+US$34k+> US$164k
Imports: 48
- Qatar: US$291k
- France: US$164k
- Netherlands: US$74k
- United Kingdom: US$46k
- Belgium: US$34k
- Kuwait: US$32k
- Germany: US$32k
- Italy: US$31k
- United States: US$26k
- Spain: US$23k
- Canada: US$16k
- Japan: US$14k
- Saudi Arabia: US$10k
- Côte d’Ivoire: US$9k
- Switzerland: US$4k
- Sweden: US$3k
- India: US$3k
- Ireland: US$3k
- Luxembourg: US$3k
- Denmark: US$2k
- Norway: US$2k
- Portugal: US$2k
- Bahrain: US$2k
- Congo - Brazzaville: US$2k
- Ghana: US$2k
- Iraq: US$1k
- Austria: US$1k
- Greece: US$900
- Niger: US$700
- Gabon: US$600
- South Africa: US$500
- Finland: US$400
- Greenland: US$400
- Barbados: US$300
- Romania: US$300
- Bahamas: US$200
- Slovakia: US$200
- Bermuda: US$100
- Estonia: US$100
- Hungary: US$100
- Iceland: US$100
- Bulgaria: US$0
- Cyprus: US$0
- Croatia: US$0
- Lithuania: US$0
- Latvia: US$0
- Malta: US$0
- Poland: US$0
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Netherlands | US$348k | 41.7% |
| 2 | Senegal | US$123k | 14.7% |
| 3 |  Guinea | US$80k | 9.6% |
| 4 | United States | US$58k | 6.9% |
| 5 | Togo | US$46k | 5.5% |
| 6 |  Mali | US$37k | 4.4% |
| 7 | Burkina Faso | US$34k | 4.1% |
| 8 |  Egypt | US$31k | 3.8% |
| 9 | Switzerland | US$16k | 1.9% |
| 10 |  Uganda | US$14k | 1.7% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Qatar | US$291k | 34.9% |
| 2 |  France | US$164k | 19.7% |
| 3 | Netherlands | US$74k | 8.8% |
| 4 | United Kingdom | US$46k | 5.5% |
| 5 |  Belgium | US$34k | 4.1% |
| 6 |  Kuwait | US$32k | 3.8% |
| 7 |  Germany | US$32k | 3.8% |
| 8 |  Italy | US$31k | 3.7% |
| 9 | United States | US$26k | 3.1% |
| 10 |  Spain | US$23k | 2.8% |
Import duty on this product around the world 159
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 5%median duty
- 40number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 800%highest: South Korea, Türkiye, Angola
159
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan | 2.5% | 2018 · HS 2012 | |
 Albania | 2% | 2023 | |
 Algeria | 18% | 5% – 30% | 2023 |
 Angola | 30% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Anguilla | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| Argentina | 4% | 0% – 8% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 Armenia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Aruba | 0% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Australia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Azerbaijan | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bahamas | 0% | 2022 | |
 Bahrain | 0% | 2023 | |
 Bangladesh | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Barbados | 5% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Belarus | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Belize | 5% | 2023 | |
 Benin | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bermuda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Bhutan | 10% | 2022 | |
 Bolivia | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bosnia & Herzegovina | 0% | 2022 | |
 Botswana | 5% | 2023 | |
| Brazil | 4% | 0% – 8% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 Brunei | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Burkina Faso | 5% | 2023 | |
 Burundi | 25% | 2023 | |
 Cambodia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cameroon | 30% | 2023 | |
| Canada | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cape Verde | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Central African Republic | 30% | 2023 | |
 Chad | 30% | 2023 | |
 Chile | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 China | 1.5% | 0% – 3% | 2023 |
 Colombia | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Comoros | 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Congo - Brazzaville | 30% | 2023 | |
 Cook Islands | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Costa Rica | 14% | 2023 | |
| Côte d’Ivoire | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cuba | 3% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominica | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominican Republic | 8% | 2023 | |
 Ecuador | 20% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Egypt | 5% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 El Salvador | 15% | 2022 | |
 Equatorial Guinea | 30% | 2023 | |
 Eswatini | 5% | 2023 | |
 Ethiopia | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| European Union (27 countries) | 2.1%* | 2023 | |
 Fiji | 5% | 2023 | |
 French Polynesia | 8% | 2023 | |
 Gabon | 30% | 2023 | |
 Gambia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Georgia | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Ghana | 5% | 2023 | |
 Gibraltar | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Grenada | 5% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Guatemala | 15% | 2023 | |
| Guinea | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guinea-Bissau | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guyana | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Haiti | 15% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Honduras | 15% | 2023 | |
 Hong Kong SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iceland | 28% | 0% – 55% | 2023 |
 India | 0% | 2023 | |
 Indonesia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Iran | 15% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Israel | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Jamaica | 2.5% | 0% – 5% | 2023 |
| Japan | 1.5% | 0% – 3% | 2023 |
 Jordan | 5% | 2023 | |
 Kazakhstan | 5% | 2023 | |
 Kenya | 25% | 2023 | |
| Kuwait | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kyrgyzstan | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Laos | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Lebanon | 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Lesotho | 5% | 2023 | |
 Liberia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Libya | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Liechtenstein | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Macao SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Madagascar | 10% | 2023 | |
 Malawi | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Malaysia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Maldives | 0% | 2023 | |
| Mali | 5% | 2023 | |
 Mauritania | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mauritius | 0% | 2023 | |
| Mexico | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Micronesia | 3% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Moldova | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mongolia | 2.5% | 0% – 5% | 2023 |
 Montserrat | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Morocco | 2.5% | 2023 | |
 Mozambique | 20% | 2023 | |
 Myanmar (Burma) | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Namibia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Nauru | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Nepal | 10% | 2023 | |
| New Zealand | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nicaragua | 15% | 2023 | |
 Niger | 5% | 2023 | |
| Nigeria | 5% | 2023 | |
| North Macedonia | 2.5% | 0% – 5% | 2023 |
| Norway | 11%* | 2023 | |
 Oman | 0% | 2023 | |
 Pakistan | 3% | 2023 | |
 Palestinian Territories | 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Panama | 15% | 2023 | |
 Papua New Guinea | 0% | 2023 | |
 Paraguay | 4% | 0% – 8% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
| Peru | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Philippines | 7% | 2023 | |
| Qatar | 0% | 2023 | |
 Russia | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Rwanda | 25% | 2023 | |
 Samoa | 8% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 São Tomé & Príncipe | 10% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 Saudi Arabia | 0% | 2023 | |
| Senegal | 5% | 2023 | |
 Seychelles | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sierra Leone | 5% | 2023 | |
 Singapore | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Solomon Islands | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Somalia | 25% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 South Africa | 5% | 2023 | |
 South Korea | 800% | 2023 | |
 Sri Lanka | 20% | 2023 | |
 St Kitts & Nevis | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Lucia | 5% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 St Pierre & Miquelon | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 St Vincent & the Grenadines | 5% | 2023 | |
 Sudan | 25% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| Switzerland | 0% | 2023 | |
 Syria | 5% | 2020 · HS 2012 | |
 Tajikistan | 5% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Tanzania | 25% | 2023 | |
 Thailand | 27% | 2023 | |
| Togo | 5% | 2023 | |
 Tonga | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Trinidad & Tobago | 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
| Türkiye | 130% | 2023 | |
 Tuvalu | 15% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
| Uganda | 25% | 2023 | |
 Ukraine | 20% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 United Arab Emirates | 0% | 2023 | |
| United Kingdom | 2%* | 2023 | |
| United States | 1.1% | 2023 | |
 Uruguay | 4% | 0% – 8% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 Uzbekistan | 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Vanuatu | 0% | 2023 | |
 Venezuela | 4% | 0% – 8% | 2023 · HS 2017 |
 Vietnam | 5% | 2023 | |
 Yemen | 5% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Zambia | 15% | 2023 | |
 Zimbabwe | 0.1% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. * ad valorem equivalent of specific duties (UNCTAD estimate) · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 04599 Cereals, unmilled, n.e.s.
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Intermediate goods · BEC 1111
- CPC 2.1 product
- 01193 Fonio
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 0111 Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 1008.40 | unchanged |
| 2012 | 1008.40 | unchanged |
| 2007 | 1008.90 | changed |
| 2002 | 1008.90 | changed |
| 1996 | 1008.90 | changed |
| 1992 | 1008.90 | changed |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
- Tariff change
CELEX 32026R2163 · Source: eur-lex.europa.eu
- Import and export controls
FR Doc. 2026-14542 · 91 FR 45516 · Source: federalregister.gov
- Tariff change
FR Doc. 2026-11158 · 91 FR 33854 · Source: federalregister.gov
In the UK Global Tariff the line under subheading 1008.40 carries a specific or compound duty rather than a percentage.
In the EU Combined Nomenclature the line under subheading 1008.40 carries a specific or compound duty rather than a percentage.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
In the 12 months to August 2026, the UK imported these goods worth £39.8k (up 152% on the year before), at an average of £2.57 per kg; Burkina Faso supplied 70%, followed by Netherlands.
World trade in these goods reached US$834k in 2024, down 8.3% on 2023.
The Netherlands was the largest exporter with 41.7% of the total, ahead of Senegal.
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for buckwheat, millet and canary seed; other cereals: fonio (Digitaria spp.)?
Buckwheat, millet and canary seed; other cereals: fonio (Digitaria spp.) fall under HS subheading 1008.40, part of heading 1008, in section II of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on buckwheat, millet and canary seed in Türkiye?
Under the Turkish Customs Tariff Schedule, imports under 1008.40 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 130%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on buckwheat, millet and canary seed in the United States?
Under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, imports under 1008.40 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 1.1%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most buckwheat, millet and canary seed?
The Netherlands, with US$348k in 2024 (41.7% of world exports).
Is there anti-dumping duty on these goods?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import these goods from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were Burkina Faso (70%), Netherlands (20%) and Côte d’Ivoire (6%), out of total imports of £39.8k.