Subheading · Chapter 73 · Heading 7308

7308.40

7308.40: Equipment for scaffolding, shuttering, propping or pit-propping

Scaffolding and formwork equipment

7308.40 is the HS subheading for scaffolding and formwork equipment, under heading 7308 in chapter 73.

What you pay

Importing into UK

Customs duty Free standard rate depends on the country of origin
Additional duties and charges 2 additional measures Import requirements: 3
VAT 20.00 % import VAT
Duty calculatorCalculate duty and taxes →

Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff

UK lines →
  1. 7308 40 00 00 Equipment for scaffolding, shuttering, propping or pit-propping Free

Additional duties and import rules

Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.

Additional duties and charges 2

  • Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
    Applies to goods from
    Belarus, Russia
    Legal act
    2022 No. 376
    Documents
    • 9008
  • Duty suspensionSuspension - goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms Free
    Applies to goods from
    all countries
    Legal act
    2020 No. 1431
    Documents
    • C990 End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Import requirements 3

  • Prohibition or restrictionImport prohibition
    Applies to goods from
    North Korea
    Legal act
    S.I. 2019/411
  • Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
    Applies to goods from
    Belarus, Russia, Ukraine
    Legal act
    2022 No. 748, S.I. 2019/855, S.I. 2022/395
    Documents
    • 9024
    • 9011
    • 9022
    • 9038
    • 9063
    • 9009
    • 9010
    • 9017
  • Import controlImport control on restricted goods and technologies
    Applies to goods from
    Iran
    Legal act
    S.I. 2019/461
    Documents
    • Y966 Goods other than those described in the MG footnotes linked to the measure (Missile Technology Control Regime list - Annex III of Reg. (EU) 267/2012)

Preferential rates by country

Agreement or schemeCountriesRate
standard rate (no agreement)—Free
DCTS Comprehensive
Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 37 more

Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia

Free
European Union (including code " EU")
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia and 23 more

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden

Free
DCTS Enhanced
Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 more

Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu

Free
CARIFORUM
Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 more

Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago

Free
OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories)
Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 more

Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands

Free
Central America Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama Free
SADC EPA Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia Free
Eastern and Southern Africa States Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe Free
CPTPP Brunei, Malaysia Free
UK–Andorra agreement Andorra Free
UK–Albania agreement Albania Free
UK–Australia agreement Australia Free
UK–Canada agreement Canada Free
UK–Switzerland agreement Switzerland Free
UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement Côte d’Ivoire Free
UK–Chile agreement Chile Free
UK–Cameroon agreement Cameroon Free
UK–Colombia agreement Colombia Free
UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement Ceuta & Melilla Free
UK–Ecuador agreement Ecuador Free
UK–Egypt agreement Egypt Free
UK–Fiji agreement Fiji Free
UK–Faroe Islands agreement Faroe Islands Free
UK–Georgia agreement Georgia Free
UK–Ghana agreement Ghana Free
DCTS Standard Indonesia Free
UK–Israel agreement Israel Free
UK–India agreement India Free
UK–Iceland agreement Iceland Free
UK–Jordan agreement Jordan Free
UK–Japan agreement Japan Free
UK–Kenya agreement Kenya Free
UK–South Korea agreement South Korea Free
UK–Lebanon agreement Lebanon Free
UK–Liechtenstein agreement Liechtenstein Free
UK–Morocco agreement Morocco Free
UK–Moldova agreement Moldova Free
UK–North Macedonia agreement North Macedonia Free
UK–Mexico agreement Mexico Free
UK–Norway agreement Norway Free
UK–New Zealand agreement New Zealand Free
UK–Peru agreement Peru Free
UK–Papua New Guinea agreement Papua New Guinea Free
UK–Palestinian Territories agreement Palestinian Territories Free
UK–Serbia agreement Serbia Free
UK–Solomon Islands agreement Solomon Islands Free
UK–Singapore agreement Singapore Free
UK–San Marino agreement San Marino Free
UK–Tunisia agreement Tunisia Free
UK–Türkiye agreement Türkiye Free
UK–Ukraine agreement Ukraine Free
UK–Vietnam agreement Vietnam Free
UK–Samoa agreement Samoa Free
UK–Kosovo agreement Kosovo Free
UK–South Africa agreement South Africa Free

UK: imports by month

last 12 months£220.9m-12.3% · previous 12 months
Average import price£1.50 per kg
Jan 2024: £13.6mFeb 2024: £18.4mMar 2024: £15.2mApr 2024: £17.8mMay 2024: £22.5mJun 2024: £29.4mJul 2024: £29.5mAug 2024: £24.5mSept 2024: £23.5mOct 2024: £27mNov 2024: £35mDec 2024: £14.1mJan 2025: £23.9mFeb 2025: £22.9mMar 2025: £25.9mApr 2025: £16mMay 2025: £16.5mJun 2025: £14mJul 2025: £19.2mAug 2025: £14.1mSept 2025: £13.4mOct 2025: £18mNov 2025: £17.5mDec 2025: £14.3mJan 2026: £18.6mFeb 2026: £19.5mMar 2026: £19.2mApr 2026: £17.1mMay 2026: £19.9mJun 2026: £18.3mJul 2026: £26.3mAug 2026: £18.7m 202420252026
Data up to August 2026 (provisional) · Monthly data: Eurostat Comext (CC BY 4.0), HMRC (OGL v3.0)

Main suppliers, last 12 months

CountryValueShareChange
China £86.5m 39.2% -4%
Germany £36.2m 16.4% +11.6%
India £21.6m 9.8% -41%
Austria £7.7m 3.5% -16%
Poland £7.6m 3.4% -32.7%
Romania £7.2m 3.2% +99.1%
United Arab Emirates £6.7m 3% -59.1%
Belgium £6.2m 2.8% +31.9%

Same subheading in other tariffs

World trade in 2024

7308.40 · US$6bn

Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$823kUS$823k+US$12m+US$69m+> US$250m

Exports: 164
  1. China: US$2bn
  2. Germany: US$1bn
  3. Austria: US$424m
  4. India: US$364m
  5. Türkiye: US$250m
  6. Spain: US$239m
  7. Poland: US$210m
  8. Italy: US$199m
  9. South Korea: US$143m
  10. United Arab Emirates: US$130m
  11. Netherlands: US$99m
  12. Malaysia: US$93m
  13. France: US$86m
  14. Portugal: US$84m
  15. United Kingdom: US$84m
  16. Switzerland: US$83m
  17. United States: US$69m
  18. Egypt: US$69m
  19. South Africa: US$69m
  20. Belgium: US$68m
  21. Vietnam: US$58m
  22. Russia: US$56m
  23. Sweden: US$55m
  24. Czechia: US$48m
  25. Tunisia: US$45m
  26. Canada: US$38m
  27. Romania: US$34m
  28. Serbia: US$25m
  29. Latvia: US$20m
  30. Norway: US$20m
  31. Bosnia & Herzegovina: US$19m
  32. Hungary: US$19m
  33. Ireland: US$17m
  34. Slovakia: US$16m
  35. Thailand: US$16m
  36. Hong Kong SAR China: US$15m
  37. Chile: US$14m
  38. Saudi Arabia: US$14m
  39. Peru: US$13m
  40. Croatia: US$12m
  41. Finland: US$12m
  42. Ukraine: US$12m
  43. Indonesia: US$11m
  44. Colombia: US$10m
  45. Oman: US$10m
  46. Denmark: US$10m
  47. Taiwan: US$10m
  48. Estonia: US$8m
  49. Mexico: US$8m
  50. Singapore: US$8m
  51. Kazakhstan: US$8m
  52. Bulgaria: US$8m
  53. Japan: US$7m
  54. Lithuania: US$7m
  55. Australia: US$6m
  56. Iran: US$6m
  57. Zambia: US$6m
  58. Luxembourg: US$5m
  59. Slovenia: US$4m
  60. Uruguay: US$4m

Top exporters

RankCountryValueShare
1 China US$2bn 29.4%
2 Germany US$1bn 15.9%
3 Austria US$424m 6.6%
4 India US$364m 5.6%
5 Türkiye US$250m 3.9%
6 Spain US$239m 3.7%
7 Poland US$210m 3.2%
8 Italy US$199m 3.1%
9 South Korea US$143m 2.2%
10 United Arab Emirates US$130m 2%

Top importers

RankCountryValueShare
1 United States US$599m 9.2%
2 Germany US$399m 6.2%
3 Saudi Arabia US$331m 5.1%
4 United Kingdom US$323m 5%
5 France US$277m 4.3%
6 United Arab Emirates US$217m 3.4%
7 Australia US$183m 2.8%
8 Japan US$178m 2.7%
9 Poland US$165m 2.5%
10 Switzerland US$161m 2.5%

Import duty on this product around the world 165

The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.

  • 5%median duty
  • 25number of duty-free countries (MFN)
  • 45%highest: Bahamas, Morocco, Kenya

165

Importing countryMFN dutylines from – todata year
Afghanistan 2.5% 2018 · HS 2012
Albania 0% 2023
Algeria 15% 2023
Angola 2% 2023 · HS 2017
Anguilla 5% 0% – 10% 2021 · HS 2017
Antigua & Barbuda 5% 2021 · HS 2007
Argentina 14% 2023 · HS 2017
Armenia 8.8% 7.5% – 10% 2023
Aruba 6% 2021 · HS 2012
Australia 5% 2023
Azerbaijan 10% 5% – 15% 2023 · HS 2017
Bahamas 45% 2022
Bahrain 5% 2023
Bangladesh 25% 2023 · HS 2017
Barbados 5% 2022 · HS 2017
Belarus 8.8% 7.5% – 10% 2021 · HS 2017
Belize 5% 2023
Benin 5% 2023
Bermuda 25% 2023
Bhutan 10% 2022
Bolivia 5% 2023 · HS 2017
Bosnia & Herzegovina 2.5% 0% – 5% 2022
Botswana 7.5% 0% – 15% 2023
Brazil 14% 2023 · HS 2017
Brunei 0% 2023 · HS 2017
Burkina Faso 5% 2023
Burundi 25% 2023
Cambodia 7% 2023 · HS 2017
Cameroon 20% 2023
Canada 0% 2023
Cape Verde 5% 2023 · HS 2017
Cayman Islands 22% 2021 · HS 2002
Central African Republic 20% 2023
Chad 20% 2023
Chile 6% 2023 · HS 2017
China 8% 2023
Colombia 5% 2023 · HS 2017
Comoros 5% 2021 · HS 2017
Congo - Brazzaville 20% 2023
Cook Islands 0% 2022 · HS 2017
Costa Rica 9% 2023
Côte d’Ivoire 5% 2023 · HS 2017
Cuba 15% 2023 · HS 2017
Dominica 5% 2023 · HS 2017
Dominican Republic 14% 2023
Ecuador 15% 2023 · HS 2017
Egypt 30% 2019 · HS 2017
El Salvador 10% 2022
Equatorial Guinea 20% 2023
Eswatini 7.5% 0% – 15% 2023
Ethiopia 20% 2021 · HS 2017
European Union (27 countries) 0% 2023
Fiji 5% 2023
French Polynesia 10% 2023
Gabon 20% 2023
Gambia 5% 2023
Georgia 12% 2022 · HS 2017
Ghana 5% 2023
Gibraltar 12% 2023 · HS 2017
Grenada 2.5% 0% – 5% 2023 · HS 2012
Guatemala 10% 2023
Guinea 5% 2023
Guinea-Bissau 5% 2023
Guyana 5% 2023 · HS 2017
Haiti 5% 2020 · HS 2017
Honduras 10% 2023
Hong Kong SAR China 0% 2023
Iceland 0% 2023
India 10% 2023
Indonesia 13% 2023
Iran 20% 2020 · HS 2017
Israel 0% 2022 · HS 2017
Jamaica 0% 2023
Japan 0% 2023
Jordan 7.5% 0% – 15% 2023
Kazakhstan 7.5% 5% – 10% 2023
Kenya 35%* 2023
Kiribati 10% 2023 · HS 2002
Kuwait 5% 2023
Kyrgyzstan 8.8% 7.5% – 10% 2021 · HS 2017
Laos 5% 2023 · HS 2017
Lebanon 5% 2020 · HS 2017
Lesotho 7.5% 0% – 15% 2023
Liberia 5% 2023
Libya 5% 2021 · HS 2017
Liechtenstein 3.6%* 2021 · HS 2017
Macao SAR China 0% 2023
Madagascar 10% 2023
Malawi 10% 2021 · HS 2017
Malaysia 15% 2023
Maldives 10% 2023
Mali 5% 2023
Mauritania 5% 2023 · HS 2017
Mauritius 0% 2023
Mexico 5% 2023 · HS 2017
Micronesia 4% 2021 · HS 2017
Moldova 0% 2023 · HS 2017
Mongolia 5% 2023
Montserrat 5% 2023 · HS 2017
Morocco 40% 2023
Mozambique 7.5% 2023
Myanmar (Burma) 3% 2023 · HS 2017
Namibia 7.5% 0% – 15% 2023
Nauru 10% 2021 · HS 2017
Nepal 20% 2023
New Zealand 5% 2023
Nicaragua 10% 2023
Niger 5% 2023
Nigeria 5% 2023
North Macedonia 7.5% 0% – 15% 2023
Norway 0% 2023
Oman 5% 2023
Pakistan 20% 2023
Palau 3% 2023 · HS 2012
Palestinian Territories 0% 2017 · HS 2017
Panama 2.5% 0% – 5% 2023
Papua New Guinea 15% 2023
Paraguay 14% 2023 · HS 2017
Peru 0% 2023 · HS 2017
Philippines 6.5% 3% – 10% 2023
Qatar 5% 2023
Russia 8.8% 7.5% – 10% 2021 · HS 2017
Rwanda 25% 2023
Samoa 8% 2020 · HS 2017
São Tomé & Príncipe 10% 2019 · HS 2017
Saudi Arabia 5% 2023
Senegal 5% 2023
Seychelles 0% 2023
Sierra Leone 5% 2023
Singapore 0% 2023 · HS 2017
Solomon Islands 10% 2023 · HS 2017
Somalia 25% 2023 · HS 2017
South Africa 7.5% 0% – 15% 2023
South Korea 8% 2023
Sri Lanka 0% 2023
St Kitts & Nevis 5% 2023
St Lucia 5% 2023 · HS 2012
St Pierre & Miquelon 5% 2021 · HS 2017
St Vincent & the Grenadines 5% 2023
Sudan 10% 2021 · HS 2017
Suriname 5% 2023 · HS 2007
Switzerland 3.6%* 2023
Syria 20% 2020 · HS 2012
Tajikistan 8% 2021 · HS 2012
Tanzania 25% 2023
Thailand 10% 2023
Togo 5% 2023
Tonga 15% 2023 · HS 2017
Trinidad & Tobago 0% 2023 · HS 2012
Türkiye 0% 2023
Tuvalu 0% 2017 · HS 2017
Uganda 25% 2023
Ukraine 0% 2023 · HS 2017
United Arab Emirates 5% 2023
United Kingdom 0% 2023
United States 0% 2023
Uruguay 14% 2023 · HS 2017
Uzbekistan 5% 2021 · HS 2017
Vanuatu 5% 2023
Venezuela 14% 2023 · HS 2017
Vietnam 3% 2023
Wallis & Futuna 6% 2021 · HS 2012
Yemen 10% 2017 · HS 2017
Zambia 15% 2023
Zimbabwe 0.2% 2023

Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. * ad valorem equivalent of specific duties (UNCTAD estimate) · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)

Classifications and correspondences

Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.

SITC Rev. 4
69114 Equipment for scaffolding, shuttering, propping/pit-propping, of iron/steel
End use (BEC Rev. 5)
Intermediate goods · BEC 311220
CPC 2.1 product
42190 Other structures (except prefabricated buildings) and parts of structures, of iron, steel or aluminium; plates, rods, angles, shapes, sections, profiles, tubes and the like, prepared for use in structures, of iron, steel or aluminium; props and similar equipment for scaffolding, shuttering or pitpropping
ISIC Rev. 4 activity
2511 Manufacture of structural metal products

Earlier HS editions

HSCode
20177308.40unchanged
20127308.40unchanged
20077308.40unchanged
20027308.40unchanged
19967308.40unchanged
19927308.40unchanged

Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)

CBAM: carbon border adjustment

Goods of the CBAM sector iron and steel pay for the greenhouse gases emitted in their production when they are imported into the EU. Without verified actual emissions, the importer declares the default values below (tonnes of CO2 equivalent per tonne of goods).

7308 Structures and parts of structures " e.g., bridges and bridge-sections, lock-gates, towers, lattice masts, roofs, roofing frameworks, doors and windows and their frames and thresholds for doors, shutters, balustrades, pillars and columns", of iron or steel; plates, rods, angles, shapes, sections, tubes and the like, prepared for use in structures, of iron or steel (excl. prefabricated buildings of heading 9406)

Country of productionDirectIndirectTotal
Algeria3.02—3.02
Argentina3.01—3.01
Australia3.2—3.2
Azerbaijan1.89—1.89
Bosnia & Herzegovina2.85—2.85
Brazil2.91—2.91
Canada2.91—2.91
Chile2.54—2.54
China6.04—6.04
Colombia3.58—3.58
India5.93—5.93
Indonesia8.25—8.25
Iran2.55—2.55
Japan2.95—2.95
Kazakhstan5.36—5.36
Mexico2.99—2.99
Myanmar (Burma)2.7—2.7
New Zealand2.9—2.9
North Macedonia2.69—2.69
Philippines2.18—2.18
Russia3.59—3.59
Serbia2.48—2.48
South Africa4.22—4.22
South Korea3.86—3.86
Taiwan2.42—2.42
Thailand4.29—4.29
Türkiye5.52—5.52
Ukraine3.41—3.41
United Kingdom3.04—3.04
United States2.9—2.9
Uzbekistan3.01—3.01
Vietnam2.84—2.84
Other countries (default)5.06—5.06

with the mark-up for 2026: 5.57 · with the mark-up for 2027: 6.077 · with the mark-up for 2028: 6.583

t CO2e per t of goods · definitive period since 1 January 2026; first annual declaration due 30 September 2027 · Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2621 as corrected by 2026/1740 (European Commission data, not legally binding)

Binding rulings for similar goods 2

Decisions of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CROSS) and HMRC (Advance Tariff Rulings) on goods classified here. A ruling binds only its holder, but shows how the authorities classify similar goods. The descriptions are the authorities’ own, in English.

  • N361176 U.S. CBP 28 May 2026 · 7308.40.00.00

    The tariff classification of the Posta and Side Prop from China

  • H286551 U.S. CBP 29 June 2018 · 7308.40.00

    Application for Further Review of Protest No. 3401-16-100046; Tariff classification of zont twist brackets

Recent rule changes mentioning this code

Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.

  1. TR Import and export controls

    İthalatta Gözetim Uygulanmasına İlişkin Tebliğ (No: 2026/40)

    RG 11.07.2026 sayı 33307 · Tebliğ 2026/40 · Source: resmigazete.gov.tr

  2. EU Rules of origin · Applies from:

    Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1183 of 2 June 2026 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447 as regards procedural rules on the preferential origin of goods

    CELEX 32026R1183 · Source: eur-lex.europa.eu

  3. EU Rules of origin · Applies from:

    Decision No 1/2026 of the Trade Committee established under the Interim Partnership Agreement between the European Community, of the one part, and the Pacific states, of the other part, of 30 January 2026 amending certain provisions of Protocol II concerning the definition of the concept of originating products and methods of administrative cooperation [2026/498]

    CELEX 22026D0498 · Source: eur-lex.europa.eu

Rule changes →

The UK Global Tariff has one tariff line for subheading 7308.40; the duty is duty-free.

Subheading 7308.40 is a single line in the EU Combined Nomenclature, where the duty is duty-free.

174 countries pay no duty in the UK thanks to trade agreements and preference schemes such as DCTS Comprehensive and European Union, against a standard rate of Free.

In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.

Imports of scaffolding and formwork equipment into the UK came to £220.9m between September 2025 and August 2026 (down 12% on the year before); China supplied 39%, followed by Germany.

In 2024, countries exported scaffolding and formwork equipment worth US$6bn (+4.5% year on year).

The largest exporter was China (US$2bn), followed by Germany.

Questions and answers

What is the HS code for equipment for scaffolding, shuttering, propping or pit-propping?

Equipment for scaffolding, shuttering, propping or pit-propping fall under HS subheading 7308.40, part of heading 7308, in section XV of the Harmonized System.

What is the import duty on equipment for scaffolding, shuttering, propping… in the UK?

Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 7308.40 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.

What is the import duty on equipment for scaffolding, shuttering, propping… in the EU?

Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 7308.40 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.

Which country exports the most equipment for scaffolding, shuttering, propping…?

China, with US$2bn in 2024 (29.4% of world exports).

Which countries can export scaffolding and formwork equipment to the UK duty-free?

174 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of Free applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.

Is there anti-dumping duty on scaffolding and formwork equipment?

The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.

Where does the UK import scaffolding and formwork equipment from?

In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were China (39%), Germany (16%) and India (10%), out of total imports of £220.9m.

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