Subheading · Chapter 73 · Heading 7314
7314.12: Endless bands for machinery, of stainless steel
Subheading 7314.12 belongs to heading 7314 (cloth (including endless bands), grill, netting and fencing, of iron or steel…) in chapter 73.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 7314 12 00 00 Endless bands for machinery, of stainless steel Free
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 2
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 376
- Documents
- 9008
- Duty suspensionSuspension - goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- 2020 No. 1431
- Documents
- C990 End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)
Import requirements 3
- Prohibition or restrictionImport prohibition
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia, Syria, Ukraine
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 748, S.I. 2019/855, S.I. 2019/792, S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9024
- 9011
- 9022
- 9038
- 9063
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlImport control on restricted goods and technologies
- Applies to goods from
- Iran, Libya, Russia
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/461, 2020 No. 1665, S.I. 2019/855
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | Free |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 37 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code "EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Andorra agreement | Andorra | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Switzerland agreement | Switzerland | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Faroe Islands agreement | Faroe Islands | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| DCTS Standard | Indonesia | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Liechtenstein agreement | Liechtenstein | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–Norway agreement | Norway | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Tunisia agreement | Tunisia | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 Germany | £2m | 54% | +41.4% |
 Netherlands | £646k | 17.9% | +19.7% |
 United States | £468k | 13% | +630.3% |
 Italy | £210k | 5.8% | +75.9% |
 Slovakia | £106k | 2.9% | +61.8% |
 France | £91k | 2.5% | -64.3% |
 China | £75k | 2.1% | +11% |
 Poland | £19k | 0.5% | -17.1% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
EU Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line 
Türkiye Free Third-country duty 1 tariff line USA Free General (MFN) 5 tariff lines 
Canada Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Mexico 35% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Brazil 12.6% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Argentina 12.6% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Peru Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
New Zealand 5% General (MFN) 2 tariff lines 
Japan Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Taiwan Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
GCC 5% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Switzerland Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Norway Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
North Macedonia 10% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Nigeria 20% General (MFN) 1 tariff line World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$119kUS$119k+US$584k+US$3m+> US$11m
Exports: 82
- Germany: US$23m
- Netherlands: US$18m
- United States: US$11m
- China: US$11m
- Spain: US$8m
- United Kingdom: US$8m
- Italy: US$6m
- Poland: US$5m
- Sweden: US$3m
- Belgium: US$2m
- India: US$2m
- Norway: US$2m
- France: US$2m
- Canada: US$1m
- Slovakia: US$1m
- Japan: US$1m
- South Africa: US$1m
- United Arab Emirates: US$983k
- Czechia: US$969k
- Portugal: US$614k
- Taiwan: US$584k
- Thailand: US$480k
- Ecuador: US$471k
- Peru: US$469k
- Denmark: US$434k
- Switzerland: US$346k
- Mexico: US$325k
- New Zealand: US$316k
- South Korea: US$296k
- Malaysia: US$275k
- Austria: US$269k
- Türkiye: US$259k
- Indonesia: US$231k
- Guatemala: US$182k
- Finland: US$162k
- Bosnia & Herzegovina: US$161k
- Lebanon: US$148k
- Singapore: US$143k
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$129k
- Slovenia: US$125k
- Brazil: US$119k
- Serbia: US$112k
- Ireland: US$94k
- Romania: US$93k
- Bulgaria: US$89k
- Saudi Arabia: US$87k
- Hungary: US$48k
- Lithuania: US$43k
- Colombia: US$36k
- Lesotho: US$35k
- Australia: US$33k
- Argentina: US$31k
- Dominican Republic: US$29k
- Greece: US$26k
- Kazakhstan: US$23k
- Latvia: US$17k
- Russia: US$15k
- Ukraine: US$14k
- Vietnam: US$13k
- Togo: US$13k
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$97kUS$97k+US$652k+US$2m+> US$6m
Imports: 166
- United States: US$13m
- Netherlands: US$7m
- Mexico: US$7m
- Germany: US$6m
- United Arab Emirates: US$6m
- France: US$5m
- Italy: US$5m
- Denmark: US$4m
- Spain: US$4m
- United Kingdom: US$3m
- Belgium: US$3m
- Türkiye: US$3m
- Poland: US$3m
- Canada: US$3m
- Australia: US$2m
- Indonesia: US$2m
- Brazil: US$2m
- Thailand: US$1m
- China: US$1m
- Norway: US$1m
- Hungary: US$1m
- South Korea: US$1m
- Argentina: US$1m
- Vietnam: US$1m
- Sweden: US$992k
- Egypt: US$976k
- Kuwait: US$906k
- Malaysia: US$895k
- Saudi Arabia: US$847k
- Taiwan: US$798k
- Nigeria: US$798k
- South Africa: US$762k
- Philippines: US$728k
- Finland: US$711k
- El Salvador: US$696k
- Colombia: US$691k
- India: US$689k
- Chile: US$689k
- Switzerland: US$677k
- Peru: US$654k
- Austria: US$652k
- Czechia: US$641k
- Singapore: US$559k
- Israel: US$551k
- Ecuador: US$524k
- Ukraine: US$430k
- Guatemala: US$414k
- New Zealand: US$412k
- Slovenia: US$404k
- Laos: US$398k
- Bulgaria: US$398k
- Portugal: US$394k
- Morocco: US$386k
- Romania: US$380k
- Tunisia: US$355k
- Russia: US$339k
- Slovakia: US$333k
- Ireland: US$313k
- Kiribati: US$303k
- Japan: US$288k
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | US$23m | 19.8% |
| 2 | Netherlands | US$18m | 15.9% |
| 3 | United States | US$11m | 9.8% |
| 4 | China | US$11m | 9.3% |
| 5 |  Spain | US$8m | 7.2% |
| 6 | United Kingdom | US$8m | 6.7% |
| 7 | Italy | US$6m | 5.3% |
| 8 | Poland | US$5m | 4.5% |
| 9 |  Sweden | US$3m | 2.4% |
| 10 |  Belgium | US$2m | 1.9% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | US$13m | 11.8% |
| 2 | Netherlands | US$7m | 6.1% |
| 3 | Mexico | US$7m | 6% |
| 4 | Germany | US$6m | 5.7% |
| 5 |  United Arab Emirates | US$6m | 5.2% |
| 6 | France | US$5m | 4.6% |
| 7 | Italy | US$5m | 4.3% |
| 8 |  Denmark | US$4m | 3.9% |
| 9 | Spain | US$4m | 3.5% |
| 10 | United Kingdom | US$3m | 3% |
Import duty on this product around the world 165
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 10%median duty
- 36number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 40%highest: Morocco, Algeria, Cameroon
165
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan | 10% | 2018 · HS 2012 | |
 Albania | 0% | 2023 | |
 Algeria | 30% | 2023 | |
 Angola | 20% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Anguilla | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Antigua & Barbuda | 15% | 2021 · HS 2007 | |
| Argentina | 14% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Armenia | 10% | 2023 | |
 Aruba | 6% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Australia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Azerbaijan | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bahamas | 20% | 2022 | |
 Bahrain | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bangladesh | 1% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Barbados | 15% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Belarus | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Belize | 15% | 2023 | |
 Benin | 20% | 2023 | |
 Bermuda | 25% | 2023 | |
 Bhutan | 10% | 2022 | |
 Bolivia | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Bosnia & Herzegovina | 10% | 2022 | |
 Botswana | 3.3% | 0% – 5% | 2023 |
| Brazil | 14% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Brunei | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Burkina Faso | 20% | 2023 | |
 Burundi | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cambodia | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cameroon | 30% | 2023 | |
| Canada | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cape Verde | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cayman Islands | 22% | 2021 · HS 2002 | |
 Central African Republic | 30% | 2023 | |
 Chad | 30% | 2023 | |
 Chile | 6% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| China | 8% | 2023 | |
 Colombia | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Comoros | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Congo - Brazzaville | 30% | 2023 | |
 Cook Islands | 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Costa Rica | 0% | 2023 | |
 Côte d’Ivoire | 20% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Cuba | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominica | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Dominican Republic | 14% | 2023 | |
 Ecuador | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Egypt | 10% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 El Salvador | 0% | 2022 | |
 Equatorial Guinea | 30% | 2023 | |
 Eswatini | 3.3% | 0% – 5% | 2023 |
 Ethiopia | 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| European Union (27 countries) | 0% | 2023 | |
 Fiji | 5% | 2023 | |
 French Polynesia | 10% | 2023 | |
 Gabon | 30% | 2023 | |
 Gambia | 20% | 2023 | |
 Georgia | 12% | 2022 · HS 2017 | |
 Ghana | 20% | 2023 | |
 Gibraltar | 12% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Grenada | 15% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Guatemala | 0% | 2023 | |
 Guinea | 20% | 2023 | |
 Guinea-Bissau | 20% | 2023 | |
 Guyana | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Haiti | 15% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Honduras | 0% | 2023 | |
 Hong Kong SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iceland | 0% | 2023 | |
 India | 10% | 2023 | |
 Indonesia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Iran | 15% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 Israel | 3.3% | 0% – 10% | 2022 · HS 2017 |
 Jamaica | 15% | 2023 | |
| Japan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Jordan | 25% | 2023 | |
 Kazakhstan | 10% | 2023 | |
 Kenya | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kiribati | 10% | 2023 · HS 2002 | |
 Kuwait | 5% | 2023 | |
 Kyrgyzstan | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Laos | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Lebanon | 3.3% | 0% – 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 |
 Lesotho | 3.3% | 0% – 5% | 2023 |
 Liberia | 20% | 2023 | |
 Libya | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Liechtenstein | 2%* | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Macao SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Madagascar | 10% | 2023 | |
 Malawi | 25% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Malaysia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Maldives | 10% | 2023 | |
 Mali | 20% | 2023 | |
 Mauritania | 20% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mauritius | 0% | 2023 | |
| Mexico | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Micronesia | 4% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Moldova | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Mongolia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Montserrat | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Morocco | 40% | 2023 | |
 Mozambique | 7.5% | 2023 | |
 Myanmar (Burma) | 3% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Namibia | 3.3% | 0% – 5% | 2023 |
 Nauru | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Nepal | 30% | 2023 | |
| New Zealand | 5% | 2023 | |
 Nicaragua | 0% | 2023 | |
 Niger | 20% | 2023 | |
| Nigeria | 20% | 2023 | |
| North Macedonia | 10% | 2023 | |
| Norway | 0% | 2023 | |
 Oman | 5% | 2023 | |
 Pakistan | 3% | 2023 | |
 Palau | 3% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 Palestinian Territories | 3.3% | 0% – 10% | 2017 · HS 2017 |
 Panama | 0% | 2023 | |
 Papua New Guinea | 10% | 2023 | |
 Paraguay | 14% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| Peru | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Philippines | 3% | 2023 | |
 Qatar | 5% | 2023 | |
 Russia | 10% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Rwanda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Samoa | 8% | 2020 · HS 2017 | |
 São Tomé & Príncipe | 5% | 2019 · HS 2017 | |
 Saudi Arabia | 15% | 2023 | |
 Senegal | 20% | 2023 | |
 Seychelles | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sierra Leone | 20% | 2023 | |
 Singapore | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Solomon Islands | 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Somalia | 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 South Africa | 3.3% | 0% – 5% | 2023 |
 South Korea | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sri Lanka | 20% | 2023 | |
 St Kitts & Nevis | 15% | 2023 | |
 St Lucia | 15% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
 St Pierre & Miquelon | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 St Vincent & the Grenadines | 15% | 2023 | |
 Sudan | 25% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Suriname | 15% | 2023 · HS 2007 | |
| Switzerland | 1.8%* | 2023 | |
 Syria | 10% | 2020 · HS 2012 | |
 Tajikistan | 8% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Tanzania | 0% | 2023 | |
 Thailand | 10% | 2023 | |
 Togo | 20% | 2023 | |
 Tonga | 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Trinidad & Tobago | 15% | 2023 · HS 2012 | |
| Türkiye | 0% | 2023 | |
 Tuvalu | 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Uganda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Ukraine | 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| United Arab Emirates | 5% | 2023 | |
| United Kingdom | 0% | 2023 | |
| United States | 0% | 2023 | |
 Uruguay | 14% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Uzbekistan | 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
 Vanuatu | 0% | 2023 | |
 Venezuela | 14% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
 Vietnam | 15% | 2023 | |
 Wallis & Futuna | 6% | 2021 · HS 2012 | |
 Yemen | 10% | 2017 · HS 2017 | |
 Zambia | 15% | 2023 | |
 Zimbabwe | 0.2% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. * ad valorem equivalent of specific duties (UNCTAD estimate) · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 6935 Cloth (including endless bands), grill, netting & fencing, of iron/steel wire; expanded metal of iron/steel
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Intermediate goods · BEC 311220
- CPC 2.1 product
- 42943 Cloth, grill, netting and fencing, of iron or steel wire; expanded metal of iron or steel
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 2599 Manufacture of other fabricated metal products n.e.c.
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 7314.12 | unchanged |
| 2012 | 7314.12 | unchanged |
| 2007 | 7314.12 | unchanged |
| 2002 | 7314.12 | unchanged |
| 1996 | 7314.12 | unchanged |
| 1992 | 7314.11 | changed |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
The UK Global Tariff has one tariff line for subheading 7314.12; the duty is duty-free.
Subheading 7314.12 is a single line in the EU Combined Nomenclature, where the duty is duty-free.
174 countries pay no duty in the UK thanks to trade agreements and preference schemes such as DCTS Comprehensive and European Union, against a standard rate of Free.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
Imports of these goods into the UK came to £3.6m between September 2025 and August 2026 (up 42% on the year before); Germany supplied 54%, followed by Netherlands.
In 2024, countries exported these goods worth US$115m (−5.4% year on year).
The largest exporter was Germany (US$23m), followed by the Netherlands.
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for endless bands for machinery, of stainless steel?
Endless bands for machinery, of stainless steel fall under HS subheading 7314.12, part of heading 7314, in section XV of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on endless bands for machinery, of stainless steel in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 7314.12 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on endless bands for machinery, of stainless steel in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 7314.12 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most endless bands for machinery, of stainless steel?
Germany, with US$23m in 2024 (19.8% of world exports).
Which countries can export these goods to the UK duty-free?
174 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of Free applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Is there anti-dumping duty on these goods?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import these goods from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were Germany (54%), Netherlands (18%) and United States (13%), out of total imports of £3.6m.