Heading · Chapter 84

8451

8451: Machinery (other than machines of heading 8450) for washing, cleaning, wringing, drying, ironing, pressing (including fusing presses), bleaching, dyeing, dressing, finishing, coating or impregnating textile yarns, fabrics or made-up textile articles and machines for applying the paste to the base fabric or other support used in the manufacture of floor coverings such as linoleum; machines for reeling, unreeling, folding, cutting or pinking textile fabrics

Heading 8451 is divided into 8 six-digit subheadings and sits in chapter 84, nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof.

Duty rates compared

Subheadings 8

  • 8451.10Machinery: dry-cleaning machines UK 2% · EU 2.2% · Türkiye 2.2% · USA Free · Canada Free · Mexico Free · Brazil 20% · Argentina 12.6% · Peru Free · New Zealand 5% · Japan Free · Taiwan 5% · GCC 5% · Switzerland Free · Norway Free · North Macedonia 10% · Nigeria 5%
  • 8451.21Each of a dry linen capacity not exceeding 10 kgClothes dryers up to 10 kg UK 2% · EU 2.2% · Türkiye 2.2% · USA 3.4% · Canada 8% · Mexico 35% · Brazil 18% · Argentina 20% · Peru Free · New Zealand 5% · Japan Free · Taiwan 3.7%–10% · GCC 5% · Switzerland Free · Norway Free · North Macedonia 10% · Nigeria 20%
  • 8451.29Machinery: drying machines, otherOther industrial drying machines (textiles) UK 2% · EU 2.2% · Türkiye 2.2% · USA 2.6% · Canada Free · Mexico 35% · Brazil 7.2%–20% · Argentina 0%–12.6% · Peru Free · New Zealand 5% · Japan Free · Taiwan 5% · GCC 5% · Switzerland Free · Norway Free · North Macedonia 10% · Nigeria 5%
  • 8451.30Ironing machines and presses (including fusing presses) UK 2% · EU 2.2% · Türkiye 2.2% · USA Free · Canada 0%–6% · Mexico Free · Brazil 7.2%–20% · Argentina 0%–20% · Peru Free · New Zealand 5% · Japan Free · Taiwan 4% · GCC 5% · Switzerland Free · Norway Free · North Macedonia Free · Nigeria 5%
  • 8451.40Washing, bleaching or dyeing machines UK 2% · EU 2.2% · Türkiye 2.2% · USA 3.5% · Canada 0%–6% · Mexico Free · Brazil 20% · Argentina 12.6% · Peru Free · New Zealand 5% · Japan Free · Taiwan 3% · GCC 5% · Switzerland Free · Norway Free · North Macedonia 5% · Nigeria 5%
  • 8451.50Machines for reeling, unreeling, folding, cutting or pinking textile fabrics UK 2% · EU 2.2% · Türkiye 2.2% · USA Free · Canada Free · Mexico Free · Brazil 7.2%–20% · Argentina 0%–12.6% · Peru Free · New Zealand 5% · Japan Free · Taiwan 3%–4% · GCC 5% · Switzerland Free · Norway Free · North Macedonia Free · Nigeria 5%
  • 8451.80Machinery: other machinery UK 2% · EU 2.2% · Türkiye 2.2% · USA 3.5% · Canada Free · Mexico Free · Brazil 20% · Argentina 12.6% · Peru Free · New Zealand 5% · Japan Free · Taiwan 4% · GCC 5% · Switzerland Free · Norway Free · North Macedonia Free · Nigeria 5%
  • 8451.90Machinery: parts UK 2% · EU 2.2% · Türkiye 2.2% · USA 3.5% · Canada Free · Mexico Free · Brazil 14.4%–20% · Argentina 12.6%–16% · Peru Free · New Zealand 5% · Japan Free · Taiwan 2.5% · GCC 5% · Switzerland Free · Norway Free · North Macedonia 3% · Nigeria 5%

EU: imports by month

last 12 months€1bn+6.9% · previous 12 months
Average import price€5.70 per kg
Jan 2024: €70.6mFeb 2024: €68.4mMar 2024: €63.5mApr 2024: €59.3mMay 2024: €54mJun 2024: €46.1mJul 2024: €56.7mAug 2024: €65.8mSept 2024: €89.6mOct 2024: €114.4mNov 2024: €106.1mDec 2024: €93.5mJan 2025: €83.3mFeb 2025: €79.9mMar 2025: €73.9mApr 2025: €59.6mMay 2025: €60.1mJun 2025: €64.3mJul 2025: €53.1mAug 2025: €61.4mSept 2025: €118.2mOct 2025: €115.9mNov 2025: €113.6mDec 2025: €93.3mJan 2026: €82.1mFeb 2026: €75.3mMar 2026: €79.2mApr 2026: €67.9mMay 2026: €58.2mJun 2026: €58.5mJul 2026: €64.4mAug 2026: €77.1m 202420252026
Data up to August 2026 (provisional) · Monthly data: Eurostat Comext (CC BY 4.0), HMRC (OGL v3.0)

World trade in 2024

8451 · US$10.1bn

Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$238kUS$238k+US$5m+US$96m+> US$892m

Exports: 163
  1. China: US$1.8bn
  2. Poland: US$1.1bn
  3. Mexico: US$1.1bn
  4. South Korea: US$983m
  5. Germany: US$892m
  6. Türkiye: US$838m
  7. Italy: US$683m
  8. Czechia: US$382m
  9. United States: US$320m
  10. France: US$184m
  11. Thailand: US$173m
  12. Spain: US$147m
  13. Netherlands: US$143m
  14. Taiwan: US$137m
  15. Denmark: US$112m
  16. Sweden: US$98m
  17. Saudi Arabia: US$96m
  18. Japan: US$89m
  19. Slovenia: US$82m
  20. Switzerland: US$82m
  21. India: US$81m
  22. Belgium: US$67m
  23. United Kingdom: US$52m
  24. Austria: US$42m
  25. Romania: US$36m
  26. Hong Kong SAR China: US$22m
  27. Canada: US$20m
  28. Singapore: US$20m
  29. Portugal: US$20m
  30. Hungary: US$19m
  31. Greece: US$19m
  32. United Arab Emirates: US$19m
  33. Malaysia: US$13m
  34. Slovakia: US$13m
  35. Vietnam: US$12m
  36. Brazil: US$9m
  37. Croatia: US$8m
  38. Australia: US$8m
  39. Honduras: US$5m
  40. Armenia: US$5m
  41. Bulgaria: US$5m
  42. South Africa: US$5m
  43. Lithuania: US$5m
  44. Serbia: US$4m
  45. Estonia: US$4m
  46. Finland: US$3m
  47. Latvia: US$3m
  48. Sri Lanka: US$3m
  49. Russia: US$3m
  50. Bosnia & Herzegovina: US$3m
  51. Kazakhstan: US$3m
  52. Luxembourg: US$3m
  53. Indonesia: US$2m
  54. Israel: US$2m
  55. Norway: US$2m
  56. Ireland: US$2m
  57. New Zealand: US$1m
  58. North Macedonia: US$1m
  59. Ukraine: US$1m
  60. Pakistan: US$1m

Top exporters

RankCountryValueShare
1 China US$1.8bn 18.3%
2 Poland US$1.1bn 11.4%
3 Mexico US$1.1bn 10.9%
4 South Korea US$983m 9.7%
5 Germany US$892m 8.8%
6 Türkiye US$838m 8.3%
7 Italy US$683m 6.8%
8 Czechia US$382m 3.8%
9 United States US$320m 3.2%
10 France US$184m 1.8%

Top importers

RankCountryValueShare
1 United States US$2bn 19.8%
2 Germany US$820m 8.1%
3 United Kingdom US$370m 3.7%
4 Türkiye US$360m 3.6%
5 France US$340m 3.4%
6 Vietnam US$329m 3.3%
7 Canada US$313m 3.1%
8 Poland US$290m 2.9%
9 Italy US$266m 2.6%
10 India US$259m 2.6%

The UK Global Tariff divides heading 8451 into 10 tariff lines; the duty is 2%.

In the EU Combined Nomenclature, heading 8451 covers 10 tariff lines and the duty is 2.2%.

The Turkish Customs Tariff Schedule divides heading 8451 into 17 tariff lines; the duty is 2.2%.

In the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, heading 8451 covers 10 tariff lines and the duty is between 0% and 3.5%. 3 of them are duty-free.

The Customs Tariff of Canada divides heading 8451 into 13 tariff lines; the duty is between 0% and 8% (average 1.5%). 10 of them are duty-free.

In the Mexican Tariff (TIGIE), heading 8451 covers 12 tariff lines and the duty is between 0% and 35%. 8 of them are duty-free.

The Brazilian Tariff (NCM/TEC) divides heading 8451 into 17 tariff lines; the duty is between 7.2% and 20% (average 16.4%).

In the Argentine Tariff (NCM-SIM), heading 8451 covers 24 tariff lines and the duty is between 0% and 20%. 4 of them are duty-free.

The Customs Tariff of Peru divides heading 8451 into 9 tariff lines; the duty is duty-free.

In the Working Tariff Document of New Zealand, heading 8451 covers 11 tariff lines and the duty is 5%.

The Customs Tariff Schedules of Japan divides heading 8451 into 8 tariff lines; the duty is duty-free.

In the Customs Import Tariff of Taiwan, heading 8451 covers 11 tariff lines and the duty is between 2.5% and 10%.

The GCC Common Customs Tariff divides heading 8451 into 9 tariff lines; the duty is 5%.

In the Swiss Customs Tariff (Tares), heading 8451 covers 8 tariff lines and the duty is duty-free.

The Customs Tariff of Norway divides heading 8451 into 9 tariff lines; the duty is duty-free.

In the Customs Tariff of North Macedonia, heading 8451 covers 10 tariff lines and the duty is between 0% and 10%. 5 of them are duty-free.

The ECOWAS Common External Tariff (Nigeria) divides heading 8451 into 8 tariff lines; the duty is between 5% and 20% (average 6.9%).

In 2024, countries exported heading 8451 goods worth US$10.1bn (+5% year on year).

The largest exporter was China (US$1.8bn), followed by Poland.

The biggest buyer was the United States, with imports of US$2bn.

The United Kingdom ranked 23rd among 163 exporters with US$52m.

The United Kingdom imported US$370m.

Legal notes

Notes

Questions and answers

What is the HS code for machinery (other than machines of heading 8450) for washing, cleaning, wringing, drying, ironing, pressing (including fusing presses), bleaching, dyeing, dressing, finishing, coating or impregnating textile yarns, fabrics or made-up textile articles and machines for applying the paste to the base fabric or other support used in the manufacture of floor coverings such as linoleum; machines for reeling, unreeling, folding, cutting or pinking textile fabrics?

Machinery (other than machines of heading 8450) for washing, cleaning, wringing, drying, ironing, pressing (including fusing presses), bleaching, dyeing, dressing, finishing, coating or impregnating textile yarns, fabrics or made-up textile articles and machines for applying the paste to the base fabric or other support used in the manufacture of floor coverings such as linoleum; machines for reeling, unreeling, folding, cutting or pinking textile fabrics fall under HS heading 8451, part of chapter 84, in section XVI of the Harmonized System.

What is the import duty on machinery (other than machines of heading 8450)… in the UK?

Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 8451 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 2%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.

What is the import duty on machinery (other than machines of heading 8450)… in the EU?

Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 8451 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 2.2%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.

Which country exports the most machinery (other than machines of heading 8450)…?

China, with US$1.8bn in 2024 (18.3% of world exports).

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