Subheading · Chapter 88 · Heading 8802
8802.40: Aeroplanes and other aircraft, of an unladen weight exceeding 15000 kg
Aircraft over 15,000 kg
8802.40 is the HS subheading for aircraft over 15,000 kg, under heading 8802 in chapter 88.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 8802 40 00 00 Aeroplanes and other aircraft, of an unladen weight exceeding 15 000 kg Freep/st
- 8802 40 00 20 For civil use Freep/st
- 8802 40 00 90 Other Freep/st
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 2
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 598
- Documents
- 9014
- Duty suspensionNon preferential duty under end-use Free
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- S.I. 2020/1430
- Documents
- N990 EUS - Authorisation for the use of end use procedure (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)
Import requirements 6
- Prohibition or restrictionImport prohibition
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Iraq, Russia, Syria, Ukraine
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 748, S.I. 2020/707, S.I. 2019/792, S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9024
- 9032
- 9025
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/583
- Documents
- L100 Import licence "controlled substances" (ozone), issued by the Commission
- Y902
- 9Y06
- Import controlImport control on restricted goods and technologies
- Applies to goods from
- Iran, Libya, North Korea, Russia
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/461, S.I. 2019/411, 2020 No. 1665, S.I. 2019/855
- Import controlImport control on luxury goods
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Documents
- Y945 Travellers' personal effects or goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)
- Y946 Goods necessary for the official purposes of diplomatic or consular missions of Member States in the DPRK or international organisations enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, or to the personal effects of their staff (Art 10.3 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)
- Y948 Goods other than those described in Annex VIII (Luxury goods) of Reg. (EU) 2017/1509
- Import controlImport control of fluorinated greenhouse gases
- Applies to goods from
- all countries
- Legal act
- 517/2014
- Documents
- Y054 Goods labelled according to the provisions of Article 12 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573
- Y053
- Y986 Exemption from import prohibition according to Article 11.1 and 11.2 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573
- Y926
- 9066
- Y950
- Y123 Undertaking registered in the F-Gas Portal according to Article 20 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573
- Y124
- Y976
- Tariff lines
- on 1 of 2 lines
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | Free |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code "EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Andorra agreement | Andorra | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Switzerland agreement | Switzerland | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Faroe Islands agreement | Faroe Islands | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| DCTS Standard | Indonesia | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Liechtenstein agreement | Liechtenstein | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–Norway agreement | Norway | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Tunisia agreement | Tunisia | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| £2.1bn | 44.9% | +16.4% | |
| £1.5bn | 31.8% | +76.2% | |
| £852.7m | 18% | +14.1% | |
| £194.1m | 4.1% | — | |
| £51.2m | 1.1% | -82.5% | |
| £10.6m | 0.2% | — | |
| £0 | 0% | -100% | |
| £0 | 0% | -100% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$66mUS$66m+US$351m+US$3.1bn+> US$21.9bn
Exports: 84
- United States: US$31.1bn
- France: US$27.9bn
- Germany: US$21.9bn
- Ireland: US$7bn
- Canada: US$6.8bn
- India: US$5.9bn
- Spain: US$3.3bn
- Brazil: US$3.2bn
- China: US$3.1bn
- United Arab Emirates: US$2.1bn
- Saudi Arabia: US$1.5bn
- United Kingdom: US$951m
- Kazakhstan: US$887m
- Kuwait: US$610m
- Israel: US$591m
- Thailand: US$495m
- Poland: US$451m
- Sweden: US$430m
- Switzerland: US$392m
- South Korea: US$383m
- Australia: US$351m
- Italy: US$321m
- Netherlands: US$313m
- Singapore: US$281m
- Malta: US$246m
- Indonesia: US$228m
- Türkiye: US$224m
- Russia: US$213m
- Oman: US$201m
- Austria: US$153m
- Malaysia: US$143m
- Philippines: US$138m
- Sri Lanka: US$124m
- Uzbekistan: US$116m
- Cayman Islands: US$104m
- Bhutan: US$97m
- Denmark: US$90m
- Czechia: US$90m
- Maldives: US$78m
- Iceland: US$73m
- Bangladesh: US$68m
- Bolivia: US$67m
- Cyprus: US$66m
- Slovenia: US$51m
- Ecuador: US$47m
- Myanmar (Burma): US$46m
- Japan: US$45m
- Norway: US$45m
- Belgium: US$42m
- Panama: US$40m
- Portugal: US$39m
- Bulgaria: US$35m
- New Zealand: US$32m
- Pakistan: US$30m
- Croatia: US$29m
- South Africa: US$27m
- Montenegro: US$22m
- Mexico: US$20m
- Jordan: US$17m
- St Kitts & Nevis: US$15m
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$221mUS$221m+US$1.1bn+US$2.7bn+> US$9.7bn
Imports: 109
- United States: US$14bn
- Ireland: US$10.9bn
- China: US$10.2bn
- India: US$9.7bn
- United Kingdom: US$7.5bn
- Germany: US$5.7bn
- Japan: US$4bn
- Türkiye: US$3.9bn
- France: US$3.2bn
- United Arab Emirates: US$3bn
- Singapore: US$2.7bn
- Saudi Arabia: US$2.7bn
- Netherlands: US$2.5bn
- Canada: US$2.4bn
- Hungary: US$2.3bn
- Thailand: US$2.1bn
- Taiwan: US$1.9bn
- Spain: US$1.9bn
- South Korea: US$1.9bn
- Malaysia: US$1.7bn
- Chile: US$1.5bn
- Kazakhstan: US$1.5bn
- Poland: US$1.5bn
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$1.4bn
- Italy: US$1.3bn
- Philippines: US$1.3bn
- Switzerland: US$1.1bn
- Australia: US$1.1bn
- Mexico: US$1bn
- Vietnam: US$980m
- Norway: US$869m
- Colombia: US$868m
- Brazil: US$867m
- New Zealand: US$856m
- Belgium: US$849m
- Denmark: US$770m
- Malta: US$761m
- Portugal: US$736m
- Austria: US$711m
- Kuwait: US$651m
- Ethiopia: US$586m
- Sweden: US$577m
- Czechia: US$569m
- Uzbekistan: US$507m
- Indonesia: US$449m
- Morocco: US$402m
- Egypt: US$340m
- South Africa: US$277m
- Luxembourg: US$261m
- Finland: US$258m
- Sri Lanka: US$248m
- El Salvador: US$241m
- Oman: US$230m
- Romania: US$221m
- Cyprus: US$207m
- Bahrain: US$207m
- Cayman Islands: US$206m
- Bulgaria: US$188m
- Tunisia: US$175m
- Iceland: US$166m
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | US$31.1bn | 25.2% | |
| 2 | US$27.9bn | 22.6% | |
| 3 | US$21.9bn | 17.7% | |
| 4 | US$7bn | 5.7% | |
| 5 | US$6.8bn | 5.5% | |
| 6 | US$5.9bn | 4.8% | |
| 7 | US$3.3bn | 2.7% | |
| 8 | US$3.2bn | 2.6% | |
| 9 | US$3.1bn | 2.5% | |
| 10 | US$2.1bn | 1.7% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | US$14bn | 11.3% | |
| 2 | US$10.9bn | 8.8% | |
| 3 | US$10.2bn | 8.3% | |
| 4 | US$9.7bn | 7.9% | |
| 5 | US$7.5bn | 6.1% | |
| 6 | US$5.7bn | 4.6% | |
| 7 | US$4bn | 3.2% | |
| 8 | US$3.9bn | 3.1% | |
| 9 | US$3.2bn | 2.6% | |
| 10 | US$3bn | 2.4% |
Import duty on this product around the world 165
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 0%median duty
- 93number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 45%highest: Nauru, Syria, Bermuda
165
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.5% | 2018 · HS 2012 | ||
| 2% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2021 · HS 2007 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 7.5% | 0% – 13% | 2023 | |
| 0% | 2021 · HS 2012 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2022 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2022 · HS 2017 | ||
| 7.5% | 0% – 13% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 25% | 2023 | ||
| 10% | 2022 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 2.5% | 0% – 5% | 2022 | |
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 7.5% | 0% – 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | |
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 22% | 2021 · HS 2002 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 3% | 1% – 5% | 2023 | |
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 3% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2019 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2022 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 2.7% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2020 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 2.5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2020 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2022 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 3.8% | 0% – 5% | 2023 | |
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2002 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 7.5% | 0% – 13% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2020 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0.1%* | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 25% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 4% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 2.5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 3% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 45% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 7% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 3% | 2023 | ||
| 3% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 3% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 7.5% | 0% – 13% | 2021 · HS 2017 | |
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 8% | 2020 · HS 2017 | ||
| 20% | 2019 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 10% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 5% | 2023 · HS 2007 | ||
| 0.1%* | 2023 | ||
| 30% | 2020 · HS 2012 | ||
| 0% | 2021 · HS 2012 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 5% | 2023 | ||
| 15% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2012 | ||
| 2.7% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2017 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2021 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 2023 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 6% | 2021 · HS 2012 | ||
| 5% | 2017 · HS 2017 | ||
| 0% | 2023 | ||
| 0% | 0% – 0.1% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2017–2023; rates may have changed since. * ad valorem equivalent of specific duties (UNCTAD estimate) · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 7924 Aeroplanes & other aircraft, mechanically-propelled (other than helicopters), of an unladen weight exceeding 15,000 kg
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Capital goods · BEC 512020
- CPC 2.1 product
- 49623 Aeroplanes and other powered aircraft of an unladen weight exceeding 2000 kg
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 3030 Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 8802.40 | changed |
| 2012 | 8802.40 | changed |
| 2007 | 8802.40 | changed |
| 2002 | 8802.40 | changed |
| 1996 | 8802.40 | changed |
| 1992 | 8802.40 | changed |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
-
FR Doc. 2026-14542 · 91 FR 45516 · Source: federalregister.gov
-
FR Doc. 2026-11158 · 91 FR 33854 · Source: federalregister.gov
-
Trade Tariff news 5806 · Source: trade-tariff.service.gov.uk
The UK Global Tariff divides subheading 8802.40 into 2 tariff lines; the duty is duty-free.
Subheading 8802.40 is a single line in the EU Combined Nomenclature, where the duty is 2.7%.
174 countries pay no duty in the UK thanks to trade agreements and preference schemes such as DCTS Comprehensive and European Union, against a standard rate of Free.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
Imports of aircraft over 15,000 kg into the UK came to £4.7bn between September 2025 and August 2026 (up 12% on the year before); United States supplied 45%, followed by Germany.
In 2024, countries exported aircraft over 15,000 kg worth US$123.5bn (+6.7% year on year).
The largest exporter was the United States (US$31.1bn), followed by France.
Legal notes
Subheading notes
1. For the purposes of subheadings 880211 to 880240, the expression ‘unladen weight’ means the weight of the machine in normal flying order, excluding the weight of the crew and of fuel and equipment other than permanently fitted items of equipment.
2. For the purposes of subheadings 880621 to 880624 and 880691 to 880694, the expression ‘maximum take-off weight’ means the maximum weight of the machine in normal flying order, at take-off, including the weight of payload, equipment and fuel.
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for aeroplanes and other aircraft, of an unladen weight exceeding 15000 kg?
Aeroplanes and other aircraft, of an unladen weight exceeding 15000 kg fall under HS subheading 8802.40, part of heading 8802, in section XVII of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on aeroplanes and other aircraft, of an unladen… in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 8802.40 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on aeroplanes and other aircraft, of an unladen… in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 8802.40 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 2.7%. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most aeroplanes and other aircraft, of an unladen…?
The United States, with US$31.1bn in 2024 (25.2% of world exports).
Which countries can export aircraft over 15,000 kg to the UK duty-free?
174 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of Free applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Is there anti-dumping duty on aircraft over 15,000 kg?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import aircraft over 15,000 kg from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were United States (45%), Germany (32%) and France (18%), out of total imports of £4.7bn.