Subheading · Chapter 85 · Heading 8514
8514.32: Plasma and vacuum arc furnaces
8514.32 is a six-digit subheading of heading 8514, industrial or laboratory electric furnaces and ovens, chapter 85.
What you pay
Importing into UK
Rates by national line · UK Global Tariff
UK lines →- 8514 32 00 00 Plasma and vacuum arc furnaces p/st
- 8514 32 10 00 Of a kind used solely or principally for the manufacture of printed circuits or printed circuit assemblies Freep/st
- 8514 32 90 00 Other Freep/st
Additional duties and import rules
Charges on top of the customs duty, and rules the goods must meet at the border.
Additional duties and charges 1
- Additional dutyAdditional duties 35%
- Applies to goods from
- Belarus, Russia
- Legal act
- 2022 No. 376
- Documents
- 9008
Import requirements 3
- Prohibition or restrictionImport prohibition
- Applies to goods from
- North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/411
- Import controlRestriction on entry into free circulation
- Applies to goods from
- Ukraine
- Legal act
- S.I. 2022/395
- Documents
- 9009
- 9010
- 9017
- Import controlImport control on restricted goods and technologies
- Applies to goods from
- Iran, North Korea
- Legal act
- S.I. 2019/461, S.I. 2019/411
Preferential rates by country
| Agreement or scheme | Countries | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| standard rate (no agreement) | — | Free |
| DCTS Comprehensive | Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin and 38 moreAfghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo - Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia | Free |
| European Union (including code "EU") | Free | |
| DCTS Enhanced | Algeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville and 13 moreAlgeria, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Congo - Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu | Free |
| CARIFORUM | Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and 10 moreAntigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago | Free |
| OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories) | Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands and 7 moreAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, St Helena, Turks & Caicos Islands | Free |
| Central America | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Free |
| SADC EPA | Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia | Free |
| Eastern and Southern Africa States | Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe | Free |
| CPTPP | Brunei, Malaysia | Free |
| UK–Andorra agreement | Andorra | Free |
| UK–Albania agreement | Albania | Free |
| UK–Australia agreement | Australia | Free |
| UK–Canada agreement | Canada | Free |
| UK–Switzerland agreement | Switzerland | Free |
| UK–Côte d’Ivoire agreement | Côte d’Ivoire | Free |
| UK–Chile agreement | Chile | Free |
| UK–Cameroon agreement | Cameroon | Free |
| UK–Colombia agreement | Colombia | Free |
| UK–Ceuta & Melilla agreement | Ceuta & Melilla | Free |
| UK–Ecuador agreement | Ecuador | Free |
| UK–Egypt agreement | Egypt | Free |
| UK–Fiji agreement | Fiji | Free |
| UK–Faroe Islands agreement | Faroe Islands | Free |
| UK–Georgia agreement | Georgia | Free |
| UK–Ghana agreement | Ghana | Free |
| DCTS Standard | Indonesia | Free |
| UK–Israel agreement | Israel | Free |
| UK–India agreement | India | Free |
| UK–Iceland agreement | Iceland | Free |
| UK–Jordan agreement | Jordan | Free |
| UK–Japan agreement | Japan | Free |
| UK–Kenya agreement | Kenya | Free |
| UK–South Korea agreement | South Korea | Free |
| UK–Lebanon agreement | Lebanon | Free |
| UK–Liechtenstein agreement | Liechtenstein | Free |
| UK–Morocco agreement | Morocco | Free |
| UK–Moldova agreement | Moldova | Free |
| UK–North Macedonia agreement | North Macedonia | Free |
| UK–Mexico agreement | Mexico | Free |
| UK–Norway agreement | Norway | Free |
| UK–New Zealand agreement | New Zealand | Free |
| UK–Peru agreement | Peru | Free |
| UK–Papua New Guinea agreement | Papua New Guinea | Free |
| UK–Palestinian Territories agreement | Palestinian Territories | Free |
| UK–Serbia agreement | Serbia | Free |
| UK–Solomon Islands agreement | Solomon Islands | Free |
| UK–Singapore agreement | Singapore | Free |
| UK–San Marino agreement | San Marino | Free |
| UK–Tunisia agreement | Tunisia | Free |
| UK–Türkiye agreement | Türkiye | Free |
| UK–Ukraine agreement | Ukraine | Free |
| UK–Vietnam agreement | Vietnam | Free |
| UK–Samoa agreement | Samoa | Free |
| UK–Kosovo agreement | Kosovo | Free |
| UK–South Africa agreement | South Africa | Free |
UK: imports by month
Main suppliers, last 12 months
| Country | Value | Share | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
 Poland | £6.2m | 99.7% | — |
 United States | £14k | 0.2% | +180.4% |
 China | £3k | 0.1% | -87% |
 Czechia | £0 | 0% | -100% |
 Germany | £0 | 0% | -100% |
 Ireland | £0 | 0% | -100% |
 Japan | £0 | 0% | -100% |
 Slovakia | £0 | 0% | -100% |
Same subheading in other tariffs
EU Free – 2.2% Third-country duty 2 tariff lines · average 1.1% 
Türkiye 2.2% Third-country duty 2 tariff lines USA Free – 1.3% General (MFN) 2 tariff lines · average 0.7% 
Canada Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Mexico Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Brazil 20% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Argentina 12.6% General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Peru Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
New Zealand Free – 5% General (MFN) 3 tariff lines · average 1.7% Japan Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Taiwan Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
GCC Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Switzerland Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
Norway Free General (MFN) 1 tariff line 
North Macedonia Free General (MFN) 2 tariff lines 
Nigeria 5% General (MFN) 1 tariff line World trade in 2024
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$76kUS$76k+US$749k+US$5m+> US$13m
Exports: 42
- Germany: US$47m
- United States: US$13m
- Austria: US$12m
- Poland: US$8m
- China: US$5m
- South Korea: US$3m
- United Kingdom: US$2m
- Canada: US$2m
- Japan: US$1m
- Türkiye: US$966k
- Italy: US$749k
- Spain: US$696k
- Taiwan: US$651k
- Singapore: US$475k
- Netherlands: US$341k
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$308k
- Thailand: US$251k
- South Africa: US$224k
- Switzerland: US$185k
- Slovenia: US$104k
- France: US$76k
- Israel: US$53k
- Sweden: US$46k
- Ecuador: US$36k
- Belgium: US$25k
- Ukraine: US$23k
- Romania: US$14k
- India: US$14k
- Greece: US$9k
- Mexico: US$8k
- Norway: US$5k
- Slovakia: US$5k
- Czechia: US$3k
- Hungary: US$3k
- Saudi Arabia: US$2k
- Haiti: US$2k
- Costa Rica: US$1k
- Malaysia: US$800
- Portugal: US$800
- Cyprus: US$100
- South Sudan: US$100
- Luxembourg: US$0
Trade value (US$) no reported trade < US$77kUS$77k+US$461k+US$2m+> US$5m
Imports: 84
- United States: US$33m
- China: US$27m
- Italy: US$5m
- Japan: US$4m
- Malaysia: US$4m
- Austria: US$3m
- Pakistan: US$3m
- Slovenia: US$2m
- Uzbekistan: US$2m
- France: US$1m
- Croatia: US$1m
- Vietnam: US$1m
- Thailand: US$1m
- South Korea: US$1m
- Türkiye: US$969k
- Germany: US$968k
- Ireland: US$877k
- Russia: US$844k
- Belgium: US$746k
- Taiwan: US$736k
- United Kingdom: US$461k
- Mexico: US$364k
- Greece: US$328k
- Canada: US$326k
- Australia: US$308k
- Ecuador: US$224k
- Peru: US$211k
- Morocco: US$187k
- Portugal: US$158k
- Romania: US$157k
- Czechia: US$157k
- Brazil: US$141k
- Netherlands: US$133k
- Costa Rica: US$126k
- Cambodia: US$123k
- Singapore: US$108k
- Philippines: US$103k
- Kazakhstan: US$102k
- Saudi Arabia: US$98k
- Ethiopia: US$90k
- Indonesia: US$79k
- Switzerland: US$77k
- India: US$68k
- Spain: US$63k
- Hong Kong SAR China: US$54k
- Gabon: US$50k
- Serbia: US$32k
- Zimbabwe: US$32k
- Colombia: US$32k
- Algeria: US$30k
- Armenia: US$25k
- Uganda: US$23k
- Yemen: US$23k
- Egypt: US$22k
- Bosnia & Herzegovina: US$22k
- Slovakia: US$17k
- Dominican Republic: US$14k
- Poland: US$14k
- New Zealand: US$10k
- Sweden: US$10k
Top exporters
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | US$47m | 47.4% |
| 2 | United States | US$13m | 13.5% |
| 3 |  Austria | US$12m | 12.6% |
| 4 | Poland | US$8m | 8.5% |
| 5 | China | US$5m | 4.6% |
| 6 |  South Korea | US$3m | 3.2% |
| 7 | United Kingdom | US$2m | 2% |
| 8 | Canada | US$2m | 1.6% |
| 9 | Japan | US$1m | 1.3% |
| 10 | Türkiye | US$966k | 1% |
Top importers
| Rank | Country | Value | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | US$33m | 33.6% |
| 2 | China | US$27m | 27.6% |
| 3 |  Italy | US$5m | 5.2% |
| 4 | Japan | US$4m | 4.2% |
| 5 |  Malaysia | US$4m | 3.9% |
| 6 | Austria | US$3m | 3.2% |
| 7 |  Pakistan | US$3m | 2.6% |
| 8 |  Slovenia | US$2m | 1.9% |
| 9 |  Uzbekistan | US$2m | 1.6% |
| 10 |  France | US$1m | 1.4% |
Import duty on this product around the world 93
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty each country applies to goods of this HS subheading: the average over its national tariff lines, with the lowest and highest line where they differ. Goods from countries with a trade agreement often pay less.
- 0%median duty
- 50number of duty-free countries (MFN)
- 45%highest: Bahamas, Bermuda, Maldives
93
| Importing country | MFN duty | lines from – to | data year |
|---|---|---|---|
 Albania | 0% | 2023 | |
 Algeria | 5% | 2023 | |
 Armenia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Australia | 2.5% | 0% – 5% | 2023 |
 Bahamas | 45% | 2022 | |
 Bahrain | 0% | 2023 | |
 Belize | 0% | 2023 | |
 Benin | 5% | 2023 | |
 Bermuda | 25% | 2023 | |
 Bhutan | 10% | 2022 | |
 Bosnia & Herzegovina | 5% | 2022 | |
 Botswana | 0% | 2023 | |
 Burkina Faso | 5% | 2023 | |
 Burundi | 0% | 2023 | |
 Cameroon | 10% | 2023 | |
| Canada | 0% | 2023 | |
 Central African Republic | 10% | 2023 | |
 Chad | 10% | 2023 | |
| China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Congo - Brazzaville | 10% | 2023 | |
 Costa Rica | 0% | 2023 | |
 Dominican Republic | 0% | 2023 | |
 El Salvador | 0% | 2022 | |
 Equatorial Guinea | 10% | 2023 | |
 Eswatini | 0% | 2023 | |
| European Union (27 countries) | 1.1% | 0% – 2.2% | 2023 |
 Fiji | 5% | 2023 | |
 French Polynesia | 6% | 2023 | |
 Gabon | 10% | 2023 | |
 Gambia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Ghana | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guatemala | 0% | 2023 | |
 Guinea | 5% | 2023 | |
 Guinea-Bissau | 5% | 2023 | |
 Honduras | 0% | 2023 | |
 Hong Kong SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Iceland | 0% | 2023 | |
 India | 7.5% | 2023 | |
 Indonesia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Jamaica | 0% | 2023 | |
| Japan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Jordan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kazakhstan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kenya | 0% | 2023 | |
 Kuwait | 0% | 2023 | |
 Lesotho | 0% | 2023 | |
 Liberia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Macao SAR China | 0% | 2023 | |
 Madagascar | 5% | 2023 | |
| Malaysia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Maldives | 20% | 2023 | |
 Mali | 5% | 2023 | |
 Mauritius | 0% | 2023 | |
 Mongolia | 5% | 2023 | |
 Morocco | 2.5% | 2023 | |
 Mozambique | 5% | 2023 | |
 Namibia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Nepal | 0% | 2023 | |
| New Zealand | 1.7% | 0% – 5% | 2023 |
 Nicaragua | 0% | 2023 | |
 Niger | 5% | 2023 | |
| Nigeria | 5% | 2023 | |
| North Macedonia | 0% | 2023 | |
| Norway | 0% | 2023 | |
 Oman | 0% | 2023 | |
| Pakistan | 0% | 2023 | |
 Panama | 6.5% | 3% – 10% | 2023 |
 Papua New Guinea | 0% | 2023 | |
 Philippines | 0.5% | 0% – 1% | 2023 |
 Qatar | 0% | 2023 | |
 Rwanda | 0% | 2023 | |
 Saudi Arabia | 0% | 2023 | |
 Senegal | 5% | 2023 | |
 Seychelles | 0% | 2023 | |
 Sierra Leone | 5% | 2023 | |
 South Africa | 0% | 2023 | |
| South Korea | 4% | 0% – 8% | 2023 |
 Sri Lanka | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Kitts & Nevis | 0% | 2023 | |
 St Vincent & the Grenadines | 0% | 2023 | |
| Switzerland | 0.2%* | 0.2% – 0.3% | 2023 |
 Tanzania | 0% | 2023 | |
 Thailand | 0% | 2023 | |
 Togo | 5% | 2023 | |
| Türkiye | 2.2% | 2023 | |
 Uganda | 0% | 2023 | |
 United Arab Emirates | 0% | 2023 | |
| United Kingdom | 0% | 2023 | |
| United States | 0.7% | 0% – 1.3% | 2023 |
 Vanuatu | 0% | 2023 | |
 Vietnam | 0% | 2023 | |
 Zambia | 10% | 2023 | |
 Zimbabwe | 0% | 2023 |
Tariff data years 2022–2023; rates may have changed since. * ad valorem equivalent of specific duties (UNCTAD estimate) · UNCTAD TRAINS, accessed via WITS (World Bank)
Classifications and correspondences
Where this HS subheading sits in the United Nations' statistical classifications, and which codes it had in earlier editions of the Harmonized System.
- SITC Rev. 4
- 74133 Other electric furnaces & ovens
- End use (BEC Rev. 5)
- Capital goods · BEC 212
- CPC 2.1 product
- 43420 Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens, except non-electric bakery ovens; other industrial or laboratory induction or dielectric heating equipment
- ISIC Rev. 4 activity
- 2815 Manufacture of ovens, furnaces and furnace burners3250 Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies
Earlier HS editions
| HS | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 8514.30 | changed |
| 2012 | 8514.30 | changed |
| 2007 | 8514.30 | changed |
| 2002 | 8514.30 | changed |
| 1996 | 8514.30 | changed |
| 1992 | 8514.30 | changed |
Correspondence tables of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
Recent rule changes mentioning this code
Acts whose text cites this code or its heading. Check the act itself: a code can be cited for reasons other than a change of its duty.
- Sanctions · Applies from:
The Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) Regulations 2026
S.I. 2026/543 · Source: legislation.gov.uk
Code history
Since 2022; before, these goods were classified under 8514.30.
In the UK Global Tariff, subheading 8514.32 covers 2 tariff lines and the duty is duty-free.
The EU Combined Nomenclature divides subheading 8514.32 into 2 tariff lines; the duty is between 0% and 2.2% (average 1.1%). 1 of them is duty-free.
Goods from 174 countries can enter the UK at a preferential rate instead of the standard Free; 174 of them pay no duty at all, for example under DCTS Comprehensive or European Union.
In the UK, additional duty of 35% applies on top of the customs duty to goods from Belarus and Russia.
In the 12 months to August 2026, the UK imported these goods worth £6.2m (up 1473% on the year before), at an average of £35.99 per kg; Poland supplied 100%, followed by United States.
World trade in these goods reached US$99m in 2024, up 38% on 2023.
Germany was the largest exporter with 47.4% of the total, ahead of the United States.
Questions and answers
What is the HS code for plasma and vacuum arc furnaces?
Plasma and vacuum arc furnaces fall under HS subheading 8514.32, part of heading 8514, in section XVI of the Harmonized System.
What is the import duty on plasma and vacuum arc furnaces in the UK?
Under the UK Global Tariff, imports under 8514.32 from countries without a preferential agreement are free of duty. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
What is the import duty on plasma and vacuum arc furnaces in the EU?
Under the EU Combined Nomenclature, imports under 8514.32 from countries without a preferential agreement are charged at 0% to 2.2%, depending on the line. Preferential rates, anti-dumping duties and VAT are not included.
Which country exports the most plasma and vacuum arc furnaces?
Germany, with US$47m in 2024 (47.4% of world exports).
Which countries can export these goods to the UK duty-free?
174 countries pay no duty under a trade agreement or preference scheme, among them partners under DCTS Comprehensive, European Union, DCTS Enhanced. The goods must meet the agreement’s rules of origin and the importer needs proof of origin; otherwise the standard rate of Free applies. Pick a country above to see its rate.
Is there anti-dumping duty on these goods?
The UK charges additional duty of 35% on goods from Belarus and Russia. Lower rates apply to the named exporters listed in the measure.
Where does the UK import these goods from?
In the 12 months to August 2026, the largest suppliers were Poland (100%), United States (0%) and China (0%), out of total imports of £6.2m.